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Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristics according the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy
| Variable | without CAN (n = 70) | with CAN (n = 78) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age(years) | 57.6 ± 7.6 | 61.8 ± 7.4 | 0.001 |
| Male,n(%) | 41(58.6) | 39(50.0) | 0.296 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 17(24.3) | 26(33.3) | 0.226 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 15(21.4) | 22(28.2) | 0.342 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 35(50.0) | 46(59.0) | 0.273 |
| Use of β-Blockers | 16(22.9) | 18(23.1) | 0.856 |
| Use of ACEI/ARB | 32(45.7) | 35(44.9) | 0.746 |
| Use of CCB | 22(31.4) | 26(33.3) | 0.246 |
| Other antihypertensives | 8(11.4) | 6(7.7) | 0.168 |
| Duration of diabetes(years)* | 6.0(2.0-10.3) | 6.0(2.0-11.0) | 0.815 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 3.1 | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 0.042 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio* | 0.94(0.88-0.99) | 0.94(0.90-1.00) | 0.849 |
| systolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 132.2 ± 16.4 | 136.0 ± 19.4 | 0.207 |
| diastolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 78.7 ± 11.0 | 78.0 ± 10.3 | 0.691 |
| HbA1c(%) | 7.9 ± 1.7 | 8.1 ± 2.0 | 0.613 |
| fasting glucose(mmol/l)* | 7.1(6.0-9.1) | 6.7(5.8-9.3) | 0.750 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L)* | 64.0(52.0-78.0) | 59.0(53.0-79.5) | 0.519 |
| eGFR( ml/min/1.73 m2) | 107.8 ± 25.4 | 103.0 ± 31.1 | 0.303 |
| total cholesterol(mmol/l) | 4.83 ± 1.92 | 4.94 ± 1.16 | 0.709 |
| Triglyceride(mmol/l)* | 1.54(0.99-2.69) | 1.75(1.10-2.33) | 0.510 |
| LDL cholesterol(mmol/l)* | 2.84(2.11-3.60) | 2.83(2.37-3.60) | 0.632 |
| HDL cholesterol(mmol/l)* | 1.10(0.92-1.30) | 1.09(0.94-1.36) | 0.693 |
| ACR(mg/g) | 10.90(6.87-24.72) | 15.41(7.60-23.67) | 0.472 |
| baPWV(cm/sec)* | 1584.0(1446.1-1812.63) | 1722.0(1493.9-2040.8) | 0.011 |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 10(14.3) | 15(19.2) | 0.423 |
| Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, n (%) | 16(22.9) | 30(38.5) | 0.041 |
| NSS score* | 3.0(2.0-5.0) | 5.0(3.0-6.0) | 0.036 |
| NDS score* | 3.0(2.0-4.0) | 4.0(2.0-5.0) | 0.065 |
| Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | 16(22.9) | 17(21.8) | 0.877 |
