Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristics according the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy

Age(years)

57.6 ± 7.6

61.8 ± 7.4

0.001

Male,n(%)

41(58.6)

39(50.0)

0.296

Current smoker, n (%)

17(24.3)

26(33.3)

0.226

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

15(21.4)

22(28.2)

0.342

Hypertension, n (%)

35(50.0)

46(59.0)

0.273

  Use of β-Blockers

16(22.9)

18(23.1)

0.856

  Use of ACEI/ARB

32(45.7)

35(44.9)

0.746

  Use of CCB

22(31.4)

26(33.3)

0.246

  Other antihypertensives

8(11.4)

6(7.7)

0.168

Duration of diabetes(years)*

6.0(2.0-10.3)

6.0(2.0-11.0)

0.815

BMI(kg/m²)

23.9 ± 3.1

25.0 ± 3.6

0.042

Waist-to-hip ratio*

0.94(0.88-0.99)

0.94(0.90-1.00)

0.849

systolic blood pressure(mmHg)

132.2 ± 16.4

136.0 ± 19.4

0.207

diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)

78.7 ± 11.0

78.0 ± 10.3

0.691

HbA1c(%)

7.9 ± 1.7

8.1 ± 2.0

0.613

fasting glucose(mmol/l)*

7.1(6.0-9.1)

6.7(5.8-9.3)

0.750

Creatinine (μmol/L)*

64.0(52.0-78.0)

59.0(53.0-79.5)

0.519

eGFR( ml/min/1.73 m²)

107.8 ± 25.4

103.0 ± 31.1

0.303

total cholesterol(mmol/l)

4.83 ± 1.92

4.94 ± 1.16

0.709

Triglyceride(mmol/l)*

1.54(0.99-2.69)

1.75(1.10-2.33)

0.510

LDL cholesterol(mmol/l)*

2.84(2.11-3.60)

2.83(2.37-3.60)

0.632

HDL cholesterol(mmol/l)*

1.10(0.92-1.30)

1.09(0.94-1.36)

0.693

ACR(mg/g)

10.90(6.87-24.72)

15.41(7.60-23.67)

0.472

baPWV(cm/sec)*

1584.0(1446.1-1812.63)

1722.0(1493.9-2040.8)

0.011

Diabetic retinopathy, n (%)

10(14.3)

15(19.2)

0.423

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, n (%)

16(22.9)

30(38.5)

0.041

  NSS score*

3.0(2.0-5.0)

5.0(3.0-6.0)

0.036

  NDS score*

3.0(2.0-4.0)

4.0(2.0-5.0)

0.065

Diabetic nephropathy, n (%)

16(22.9)

17(21.8)

0.877