Table 2 Daily intake of nutrients among subjects with type 1 diabetes, stratified by median total fiber intake
< 20 g/d | ≥ 20 g/d | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 54 | 52 | |
Energy (kcal/day) | 1842.1 ± 558.7 | 2376.4 ± 628.7 | < 0.001† |
Energy (kcal/weight)/day | 28.6 ± 8.0 | 33.0 ± 8.4 | 0.006† |
Carbohydrates | |||
Crude intake (g) | 220.0 ± 66.1 | 302.1 ± 88.0 | < 0.001† |
Weight (g/kg) | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | < 0.001† |
Energy (%) | 48.4 ± 8.0 | 51.4 ± 8.6 | 0.074† |
Protein | |||
Crude intake (g) | 82.6 ± 31.5 | 108.3 ± 35.3 | < 0.001† |
Weight (g/kg) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.007† |
Energy (%) | 18.0 ± 3.7 | 18.3 ± 3.4 | 0.616† |
Total fat | |||
Crude intake (g) | 70.0 ± 31.6 | 82.4 ± 35.3 | 0.011† |
Weight (g/kg) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.394† |
Energy (%) | 33.6 ± 8.8 | 30.7 ± 9.6 | 0.110† |
Saturated fatty acid | |||
Crude intake (g) | 22.1 ± 10.4 | 24.5 ± 10.8 | 0.247† |
Weight (g/kg) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.952† |
Energy (%) | 10.4 ± 2.7 | 9.3 ± 3.5 | 0.059† |
Monounsaturated fatty acid | |||
Crude intake (g) | 24.6 ± 11.6 | 28.4 ± 12.7 | 0.107† |
Weight (g/kg) | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.530† |
Energy (%) | 11.7 ± 3.5 | 10.6 ± 3.4 | 0.098† |
Polyunsaturated fatty acid | |||
Crude intake (g) | 11.6 (8.3-19.9) | 18.4 (10.6-26.0) | 0.026§ |
Weight (g/kg) | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 0.148§ |
Energy (%) | 6.0 (4.2-10.0) | 7.1 (4.6-0.4) | 0.733§ |
Trans fatty acid – crude intake (g) | 0.1 (0.0-0.3) | 0.1 (0.0-0.4) | 0.069§ |
Cholesterol (mg) | 239.9 ± 148.4 | 239.0 ± 116.3 | 0.972† |
Total fiber (g) | |||
Crude intake (g) | 14.6 ± 3.5 | 27.2 ± 6.8 | < 0.001† |
Weight (g/kg) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | < 0.001† |
Soluble fiber | |||
Crude intake (g) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 2.1 | < 0.001† |
Weight (g/kg) | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | < 0.001† |
Insoluble | |||
Crude intake (g) | 10.5 ± 2.8 | 19.4 ± 5.1 | < 0.001† |
Weight (g/kg) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | < 0.001† |
Fibers from fruits | |||
Total fiber (g) | 1.4 (0.2-2.7) | 3.0 (1.4-4.9) | 0.005§ |
Fibers from vegetables (A + B) | |||
Total fiber (g) | 1.1 (0.5-2.5) | 2.8 (1.5-4.0) | 0.001§ |
Fibers from Tuberous | |||
Total fiber (g) | 0.4 (0.0-0.76) | 0.2 (0.0-0.8) | 0.062§ |
Fibers from whole-grain foods | |||
Total fiber (g) | 0.4 (0.0-3.8) | 1.1 (0.0-4.5) | 0.104§ |
Fibers from legumes and beans | |||
Total fiber (g) | 2.5 (0.1-6.7) | 8.4 (5.5-12.7) | < 0.001§ |