Table 1 General characteristics of the study population

Anthropometry

Age (years)

(7.6)

(6.1)

0.005

Height (cm)

(5.8)

(6.4)

0.565

Weight (kg)

(10.3)

(10.5)

0.095

BMI (weight (kg)/height (m)2)

(3.2)

(3.4)

0.018

Fat mass (kg)

(7.9)

(8.1)

0.071

Fat free mass (kg)

(5.5)

(5.5)

0.596

Waist circumference (cm)

(9.2)

(6.5)

0.061

Metabolic

SBP (mmHg)

(7.4)

(11.3)

<0.0001

DBP (mmHg)

(6.1)

(6.7)

<0.0001

GLUC (mmol/l)

(0.3)

(0.7)

0.0001

Insulin (μIU/l)

(2.9)

(3.6)

0.0001

HOMA-IR

(1.0)

(0.9)

0.002

HDL-C (mmol/l)

(0.3)

(0.3)

0.001

TRIGLY (mmol/l)

(0.3)

(0.9)

<0.0001

CHOLtot (mmol/l)

(0.6)

(0.9)

<0.0001

ALAT (IU/l)

(5.4)

(8.9)

0.003

ASAT (IU/l)

(5.6)

(6.8)

0.038

GGT (IU/l)

(13.8)

(13.6)

0.098

Energy expenditure and physical fitness

RMR (kcal/day)

(200)

(113)

0.337

VO2max (ml/kg/min)

(4.8)

(5.6)

0.758

LTPA (≤ ½ h/wk, %)

0.250

LTPA (1 h/wk, %)

0.671

LTPA (2 h/wk, %)

0.399

PIA (h/day)

(2.9)

(3.5)

0.965

Diet

Energy (kcal)

(526)

(555)

0.896

Protein (E%)

(3.9)

(3.9)

0.704

Carbohydrate (E%)

(11.2)

(8.7)

0.906

Fat (E%)

(6.4)

(11.4)

0.551

Saturated fat (E%)

(3.3)

(3.1)

0.537

Monounsaturated fat (E%)

(2.5)

(4.8)

0.914

Polyunsaturated fat (E%)

(2.2)

(4.7)

0.317