Table 2 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants, according to groups of fruit and vegetable consumption (n = 205)
Servings of fruits & vegetables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 2.49 | 2.5 to 5 | ≥ 5 | p for trend | |
N = 78 | N = 70 | N = 55 | ||
Total intake (kcal) | 1859 ± 713 | 1761 ± 610 | 1755 ± 702 | 0.59 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.6 ± 6.0 | 30.2 ± 5.6 | 29.9 ± 5.9 | 0.19 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 103.4 ± 13.6 | 100.1 ± 12.2 | 98.2 ± 12.7† | 0.02 |
Fat mass (%) | 33.9 ± 0.6 | 32.5 ± 0.8 | 33.9 ± 0.6 | 0.65 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 98.4 ± 10.9 | 100.2 ± 12.7 | 99.7 ± 10.7 | 0.62 |
HOMA-IR# | 2.1 ± 1.9 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 0.36 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 157.0 ± 76.1 | 146.8 ± 61.1 | 142.1 ± 60.9 | 0.42 |
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 160.1 ± 42.7 | 155.7 ± 40.4 | 150.9 ± 41.8 | 0.43 |
C-reactive protein# (mg/mL) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.41 |
Tumor necrosis factor-α# (pg/mL) | 10.9 ± 0.5 | 11.0 ± 0.7 | 10.6 ± 1.2 | 0.86 |
Adiponectin# (ng/mL) | 10.4 ± 1.8 | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 13.6 ± 2.0† | 0.02 |
Superoxide dismutase# (U/mL) | 41.5 ± 1.3 | 42.6 ± 1.3 | 46.1 ± 1.6 | 0.26 |
Oxidized LDL# (μg/mL) | 6.8 ± 0.6 | 7.5 ± 0.9 | 9.9 ± 3.9 | 0.08 |