Parent-offspring association of metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Heart Study

Table 2 Parental characteristics of the 565 male and 628 female offspring in the Framingham Heart Study (N = 1193)

	Male (n = 565)	Female (n = 628)	P value^a
Mother’s age in years	69.47 (8.01)	70.49 (7.86))	0.07
Father’s age in years	67.2 (7.52)	68.36 (6.40)	0.34
Mother’s obesity %^b	23.9	25.7	0.29
Father’s obesity %	20.5	22.7	0.28
Mother’s high cholesterol %^c	63.0	61.5	0.35
Father’s high cholesterol %	33.7	37.2	0.12
Mother’s low HLD-C %^d	36.8	36.6	0.50
Father’s low HLD-C %	45.5	42.9	0.26
Mother’s elevated blood pressure %^e	85.3	85.7	0.47
Father’s elevated blood pressure %	87.5	88.5	0.31
Mother’s impaired blood glucose %^f	6.6	8.9	0.11
Father’s impaired blood glucose %	10.1	8.7	0.31
Mother’s metabolic syndrome %^g	25.5	28.9	0.26
Father’s metabolic syndrome %	14.6	17.5	0.31
Both parents’ metabolic syndrome %	4.9	7.7	0.21

Data presented as mean (SD) or percentage of subjects.
^aIndependent t test or Chi-square test.
^bbody mass index ≥ 30.
^ctotal cholesterol level ≥ 6.20 mmol/l and/ or use of cholesterol-lowering medications.
^dHDL cholesterol levels (<1.03 mmol/l for men and < 1.3 mmol/l in women or on drug treatment.
^eBlood pressure ≥ 130 mm Hg systolic or ≥ 85 mm Hg diastolic or on drug treatment.
^frandom blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/l or if they used insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents.
^gMetabolic Syndrome defined as having at least three of the following five components: (1) body mass index ≥ 30; (2) total cholesterol level ≥ 6.20 mmol/l and/or use of cholesterol-lowering medications; (3) low HDL cholesterol levels (<1.03 mmol/l for men and < 1.3 mmol/l in women or on drug treatment); (4) elevated blood pressure (≥130 mm Hg systolic or ≥ 85 mm Hg diastolic or on drug treatment); or, (5) random blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/l or if they used insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents.

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