Predictors for pregnancy outcomes in Romanian women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a prospective study

Table 2 Comparison between groups: pregnancies with adverse outcomes vs. pregnancies without adverse outcomes

	Without APO	With APO	p
Number of cases	67 (71.3%)	27 (28.7%)	-
Age*	26 [5]	25 [9]	0.212
Diabetes duration*	8 [11]	9 [7]	0.259
HbA1c (%) in the 1^st trimester of pregnancy^†	7.33 ± 0.92	9.02 ± 1.6	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²) in the 1^st trimester of pregnancy^†	23.32 ± 2.88	23.82 ± 4.35	0.586
Daily self-monitoring blood glucose tests*	3 [3]	1 [2]	<0.001
Smokers^‡	32.8% (22)	74.1% (20)	<0.001
Alcohol abuse^‡	0% (0)	29.6% (8)	<0.001
Thyroid disease^‡	13.4% (9)	7.4% (2)	0.503
Diabetic retinopathy^‡	16.4% (11)	40.7% (11)	0.016
Diabetic neuropathy^‡	6.0% (4)	25.9% (7)	0.012
Diabetic nephropathy^‡	1.5% (1)	7.4% (2)	0.037
Planned pregnancy^‡	79.1% (53)	29.6% (8)	<0.001
Ketosis in the 1^st trimester of pregnancy^‡	10.4% (7)	48.1% (13)	<0.001
Preeclampsia events^‡	14.9% (10)	18.5% (5)	0.757

*Distributions are not Gaussian. Data is presented as median and [interquartile range]; p was calculated with Mann-Whitney U test.
^†Data is presented as mean ± standard deviation; p was calculated with t-student test.
^‡Data is presented as percentages; p was calculated with chi-square test.
Continuous variables distributions were tested for normality using Shapiro-Wilk test and for equality of variances with Levene’s test.
APO – Adverse pregnancy outcome.
HbA1c - Hemoglobin A1c.
BMI – Body Mass Index.

ISSN: 1758-5996