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Table 1 Metabolic Health, Obesity Status, and Subclinical Disease in the study population
| Overall N = 208 | 1. Metabolically healthy normal weight (N = 21; 10.1%) | 2. Metabolically unhealthy normal weight (N = 43; 20.7%) | 3. Metabolically healthy overweight/obese (N = 28; 13.5%) | 4. Metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (N = 116; 55.8%) | Overall p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs (median, IQR) | 83 (81,87) | 85 (82,87) | 83 (81,87) | 84 (81,89) | 83 (81,87) | 0.55 |
| Gender (Female), n (%) | 164 (79) | 13 (62)c | 29 (67)e | 24 (86) | 98 (84)c,e | 0.02 |
| BMI, kg/m2(median, IQR) | 26 (23,29) | 22 (20,23)b,c | 23 (21,24)d,e | 26 (24,30)b,d | 28 (26,31)c,e | 0.000 |
| Current Smokers, n (%) | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | 3 (3) | 0.87 |
| Physical Activity Reaches WHO recommendation, n (%) | 54 (27) | 8 (40) | 13 (32) | 8 (29) | 25 (22) | 0.33 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure,mmHg (median, IQR) | 142 (132,57) | 139 (119,145) | 140 (129,165) | 136 (131,151) | 143 (135,157) | 0.12 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg (median, IQR) | 73 (67,82) | 74 (66,74) | 71 (67,80) | 73 (67,83) | 75 (68,84) | 0.72 |
| “At Risk” Blood Pressure, n (%) | 129 (62) | 11 (52)a,b,c | 38 (88)a,e | 25 (89)b,f | 115 (99)c,e,f | 0.000 |
| HbA1C (median, IQR) | 6.0 (5.7,6.3) | 5.8 (5.6,6.1) | 5.8 (5.6,6.3) | 5.7 (5.5,6.1) | 6.1 (5.8,6.5) | 0.02 |
| Fasting Blood Glucose, mg/dL (median, IQR) | 95 (89,105) | 93 (86,96) | 95 (89,107) | 91 (85,93) | 99 (89,113) | 0.03 |
| “At Risk” Fasting Blood Glucose, n (%) | 40 (25) | 3 (10)a,c | 11 (34)a,d | 0 (0)d,f | 28 (36)c,f | 0.000 |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dL (mean, SD) | 198 (41) | 220 (36) | 190 (40) | 207 (29) | 196 (44) | 0.03 |
| LDL Cholesterol, mg/dL (mean, SD) | 114 (36) | 132 (33) | 108 (37) | 117 (23) | 112 (38) | 0.09 |
| HDL Cholesterol mg/dL (median, IQR) | 54 (45,63) | 62 (56,70)c | 55 (45,63) | 60 (54,67)f | 49 (42,60)c,f | 0.000 |
| “At Risk” HDL, n (%) | 65 (31) | 0 (0)a,c | 14 (33)a,d | 0 (0)d | 51 (44)c | 0.000 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl(median, IQR) | 115 (90,156) | 104 (91,119) | 105 (88,152) | 100 (83,113)f | 134 (99,167)f | 0.000 |
| “At Risk” Triglycerides, n (%) | 123 (59.4) | 2 (10)a,c | 30 (70)a,d | 1 (4)d,f | 90 (78)c,f | 0.000 |
| Waist Circumference, cm (mean, SD) | 94.22 (12.1) | 80.4 (7.3)b,c | 83.9 (8.5)d,e | 95.8 (10.0)b,d | 100.1 (9.6)c,e | 0.000 |
| “At Risk” Waist Circumference, n (%) | 129 (62.3) | 0 (0)b,c | 0 (0)d,e | 23 (82.1)b,d | 106 (91.4)e,c | 0.000 |
| Framingham Risk Score (median, IQR) | 31 (20,48) | 27 (21,37) | 32 (20,51) | 23 (17,35) | 34 (21,50) | 0.02 |
| hs-CRP mg/dL (median, IQR) | 1.9 (1.0,3.4) | 1.9 (1.0,3.8) | 1.5 (1.0,3.3) | 1.8 (1.1,2.6) | 2.1(1.0,3.9) | 0.51 |
| hs-CRP > 3 mg/dL, n (%) | 66 (32) | 7 (33) | 13 (30) | 4 (14) | 42 (37) | 0.15 |
| Uric Acid, mg/dL (median, IQR) | 5.1 (4.4,6.0) | 4.9 (3.9,5.5) | 5.0 (4.3,5.7) | 5.7 (5.5,6.1) | 5.3 (4.6,6.4) | 0.01 |
| Uric Acid >6 mg/dL, n (%) | 52 (25) | 3 (14) | 7 (16) | 4 (14) | 38 (33) | 0.06 |
| Right CIMT, mm (mean, SD) | 0.82 (0.15) | 0.94 (0.23) | 0.79 (0.12) | 0.80 (0.09) | 0.81 (.15) | 0.14 |
| Left CIMT, mm (mean, SD) | 0.86 (0.17) | 0.91 (0.18) | 0.85 (0.14) | 0.87 (0.09) | 0.84 (0.20) | 0.43 |
| CACS, Agatston (median, IQR) | 142 (34,424) | 176 (73,698) | 70 (11,474) | 162 (46,403) | 172 (36,392) | 0.36 |
| CACS = 0, n (%) | 21 (12) | 2 (10) | 3 (8) | 3 (12) | 13 (14) | 0.68 |
| CACS = 1-100, n (%) | 57 (32) | 5 (26) | 18 (46) | 9 (34) | 25 (27) | |
| CACS = 100-400, n (%) | 53 (30) | 6 (32) | 8 (20) | 7 (27) | 32 (34) | |
| CACS ≥ 400, n (%) | 46 (26) | 6 (32) | 10 (26) | 7 (27) | 23 (25) |
