Table 1 Specific and age adjusted rates of people with diabetes mellitus according to the sociodemographic variables of the research
From: Prevalence, sociodemographic distribution, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in Panama
Sociodemographic variables | Total | Specific rate of people with diabetes mellitus | Confidence interval (95%) | p valuea | Age adjusted rate of DM to Panamanian population for 2012 | People without diabetes mellitus | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | % | Frequency | % | Frequency | % | ||||
Total | 3590 | 100.0 | 340 | 9.5 | 8.5–10.5 | NA | 7.7 | 3250 | 90.5 |
Area | |||||||||
Urban | 1688 | 47.0 | 177 | 10.5 | 9.0–12.0 | 0.0575 | 7.9b | 1511 | 89.5 |
Rural | 1699 | 47.3 | 156 | 9.2 | 7.8–10.6 | 0.6148 | 8.0b | 1543 | 90.8 |
Indigenous | 203 | 5.7 | 7 | 3.4 | 0.9–5.9 | 0.0038 | 3.3b | 196 | 96.6 |
Sex | |||||||||
Men | 1074 | 29.9 | 111 | 10.3 | 8.5–12.1 | 0.2742 | 8.2 | 963 | 89.7 |
Women | 2516 | 70.1 | 229 | 9.1 | 8.0–10.2 | 7.9 | 2287 | 90.9 | |
Age (years) | |||||||||
18-29 | 735 | 20.5 | 11 | 1.5 | 0.0–2.4 | 0.0000 | 1.5 | 724 | 98.5 |
30-39 | 692 | 19.3 | 35 | 5.1 | 3.5–6.7 | 0.0000 | 5.1 | 657 | 94.9 |
40-49 | 715 | 19.9 | 58 | 8.1 | 6.1–10.1 | 0.1884 | 8.1 | 657 | 91.9 |
50-59 | 657 | 18.3 | 101 | 15.4 | 12.6–18.2 | 0.0000 | 15.4 | 556 | 84.6 |
60 and over | 791 | 22.0 | 135 | 17.1 | 14.7–19.7 | 0.0000 | 17.1 | 656 | 82.9 |
Sociocultural groups | |||||||||
African American (Afro-Panamanian) | 757 | 21.1 | 90 | 11.9 | 9.6–14.2 | 0.0090 | 9.5 | 667 | 88.1 |
Mestizo | 1937 | 54.0 | 168 | 8.7 | 7.4–10.0 | 0.1319 | 7.0 | 1769 | 91.3 |
Asian | 27 | 0.8 | 2 | 7.4 | 0–16.0 | NA | 5.8 | 25 | 92.6 |
Native | 391 | 10.9 | 21 | 5.4 | 3.2–7.6 | 0.0053 | 5.0 | 370 | 94.6 |
White | 431 | 12.0 | 51 | 11.8 | 8.8–14.8 | 0.0745 | 9.3 | 380 | 88.2 |
Others | 44 | 1.2 | 8 | 18.2 | NA | NA | 18.0 | 36 | 81.8 |
Not specified (No response) | 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 100.0 |
Monthly family income | |||||||||
600 USD and more | 507 | 14.1 | 62 | 12.2 | 9.4–15.0 | 0.0342 | 9.7 | 445 | 87.8 |
Less than 600 USD | 2929 | 81.6 | 267 | 9.1 | 8.1–10.1 | 7.6 | 2662 | 90.9 | |
Does not know/Does not work | 154 | 4.3 | 11 | 7.1 | NA | NA | 4.1 | 143 | 92.9 |
Marital status | |||||||||
Single | 734 | 20.4 | 66 | 9.0 | 6.9–11.1 | 0.6543 | 8.6 | 668 | 91.0 |
Free union or married | 2460 | 68.5 | 229 | 9.3 | 8.2–10.4 | 0.6229 | 7.8 | 2231 | 90.7 |
Separated or divorced | 225 | 6.3 | 19 | 8.4 | 4.8–12.0 | 0.6627 | 5.0 | 206 | 91.6 |
Widow | 163 | 4.5 | 26 | 16.0 | 10.4–21.6 | 0.0061 | 5.9 | 137 | 84.0 |
Not specified (No response) | 8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.0 | NA | NA | NA | 8 | 100.0 |
Schooling | |||||||||
No schooling | 186 | 5.2 | 10 | 5.4 | 2.2–8.6 | 0.0673 | 2.3 | 176 | 94.6 |
Elementary | 1188 | 33.1 | 129 | 10.9 | 9.1–12.7 | 0.0528 | 7.2 | 1059 | 89.1 |
High school | 1499 | 41.8 | 125 | 8.3 | 6.9–9.7 | 0.0570 | 8.0 | 1374 | 91.7 |
University | 622 | 17.3 | 59 | 9.5 | 7.2–11.8 | 0.9510 | 9.3 | 563 | 90.5 |
Post-graduate | 62 | 1.7 | 10 | 16.1 | 7.0–25.2 | 0.1124 | 15.1 | 52 | 83.9 |
Not specified (No response) | 33 | 0.9 | 7 | 21.2 | 7.3–35.1 | NA | NA | 26 | 78.8 |