Difference between the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in non-diabetic smokers and in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nicotine dependence

Table 2 Smoking-related characteristics in diabetic smokers (DS) and non-diabetic smokers (S)

Characteristics	DS (n = 46)	S (n = 46)	p-value
Daily consumption (cigarettes/day)	20 (10–21.5)	15 (10–20)	0.370 *
· Men	20 (15–30)	20 (10–20)	0.925 *
· Women	10 (9–20)	15 (10–20)	0.820 *
Time of smoking (years)	36.74 ± 14.61	34.26 ± 14.80	0.573 #
Fagerström score	4.98 ± 2.50	5.04 ±1.58	0.881 #
Nicotine dependence
· High	18 (39.1%)	17 (37.0%)	0.999 ⁺
· Medium or Low	28 (60.9%)	29 (63.0%)

Data are median (25th percentile–75th percentile), average ± SD, or absolute frequency (relative in %).
* Mann–Whitney U-test; # Student’s t test; ⁺ chi-squared test.

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