Metabolic syndrome and inflammatory biomarkers: a community-based cross-sectional study at the Framingham Heart Study

Table 2 Fold increments for inflammatory biomarkers comparing those with metabolic syndrome (n = 984) versus those without the metabolic syndrome (n = 1586)

Biomarker		Model 1^†		Model 2 - with additional adjustment for the components of the metabolic syndrome^‡
	Sample Size	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value	Sample Size	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value
C-reactive protein	2555	1.82 (1.67, 1.97)	<0.0001	2551	1.07 (0.96, 1.19)	0.23
CD40Ligand	2559	0.89 (0.80, 0.98)	0.02	2555	0.89 (0.77, 1.02)	0.10
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1	2557	1.05 (1.03, 1.07)	<0.0001	2553	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	0.99
Interleukin-6	2553	1.29 (1.22, 1.36)	<0.0001	2549	1.02 (0.94, 1.10)	0.67
Monocyte chemoattractant −1	2517	1.03 (1.01, 1.06)	0.01	2513	0.98 (0.95, 1.02)	0.34
Osteoprotegerin	2555	1.00 (0.98, 1.02)	0.92	2551	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	0.65
P-selectin	2558	1.11 (1.08, 1.15)	<0.0001	2554	1.06 (1.02, 1.10)	0.005
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha	1948	1.10 (1.05, 1.15)	<0.0001	1945	0.99 (0.93, 1.06)	0.84
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2	2505	1.09 (1.06, 1.11)	<0.0001	2501	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	0.91

† Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, aspirin use, hormone replacement therapy.
‡ Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, aspirin use, hormone replacement therapy, lipid lowering medications and hypertension treatment, as well as for the components of the metabolic syndrome: waist circumference, triglycerides level, HDL level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and anti-hypertensive therapy, and fasting blood glucose.

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