Table 2 Baseline and final values (mean +SD or %) stratified by 5-year disease incidence among those who completed at least one follow-up visit (n = 359)

Metabolic

FPG

(mg/dL)

92 + 5

87 + 6

101 + 7

97 + 8

103 + 7

109 + 11

A1C

(%)

5.2 + 0.3

5.3 + 0.4

5.4 + 0.4

5.6 + 0.5

5.7 + 0.4

6.1 + 0.5

Insulin

(μU/mL)

5.8 + 4.4

5.8 + 3.5

7.7 + 5.2

8.0 + 5.1

11.0 + 7.3

11.4 + 6.8

C-peptide (ng/mL)

2.0 + 1.8

1.8 + 0.7

2.7 + 2.0

2.5 + 1.0

3.6 + 3.2

3.4 + 1.3

HOMA-IR

(units)

1.3 + 1.0

1.3 + 0.8

2.0 + 1.4

2.0 + 1.4

2.8 + 1.7

3.1 + 1.9

HDL

(mg/dL)

52 + 14

56 + 15

47 + 15

51 + 14

43 + 11

46 + 11

LDL

(mg/dL)

123 + 32

122 + 35

130 + 31

123 + 28

143 + 33

129 + 25

Triglyceride

(mg/dL)

130 + 70

126 + 70

173 + 128

158 + 98

210 + 93

206 + 92

A/C Ratio

(μg/mg)

5.3 + 3.8

8.8 + 9.6

7.5 + 16.6

17.2 + 78.1

7.5 + 16.3

16.3 + 47.4

Physical

BMI

(kg/m2)

26.7 + 5.3

27.7 + 5.8

30.0 + 6.1

30.9 + 6.1

31.0 + 6.5

31.4 + 5.6

SBP

(mmHg)

121 + 14

118 + 13

128 + 15

126 + 15

130 + 13

126 + 10

DBP

(mmHg)

78 + 8

75 + 8

82 + 8

80 + 8

81 + 9

77 + 7

VO₂max

(ml/kg/min)

22.9 + 5.7

22.7 + 5.8

21.8 + 6.5

22.3 + 7.0

19.4 + 4.6

19.3 + 3.4