Table 2 Characteristics of RCTs about the efficacy of probiotics in patients with type 2 diabetes
Study | Region | Intervention | Comparison | follow-up | Outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Age | Method | N | Age | Method | ||||
Ejtahed [46] | Iran | 30 | 50.9 ± 1.4 | B.,L.,S. | 30 | 51.0 ± 1.3 | L., S. | 6 weeks | 3,4 |
Ejtahed [47] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2 |
Asemi [48] | Iran | 27 | 50.5 ± 9.8 | B.,L.,S. | 27 | 52.6 ± 7.1 | Placebo | 8 weeks | 1–4 |
Tajadadi-Ebrahimi [49] | Iran | 27 | 52.0 ± 7.2 | L. | 27 | 53.4 ± 7.5 | Placebo | 8 weeks | 1 |
Shakeri [50] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 4 |
Mohamadshahi [51] | Iran | 21 | 53.0 ± 5.9 | B.,L.,S. | 21 | 49.0 ± 7.1 | L., S. | 8 weeks | 2,5 |
Mohamadshahi [52] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 3,4 |
Ostadrahimi [53] | Iran | 30 | NA | B.,L.,S. | 30 | NA | L., S. | 8 weeks | 2–4 |
Feizollahzadeh [54] | Iran | 20 | 56.9 ± 8.1 | L. | 20 | 53.6 ± 7.2 | Placebo | 8 weeks | 3,5,7 |
Rezaei [55] | Iran | 45 | 50.5 ± 10.9 | B.,L. | 45 | 50.1 ± 9.2 | L., S. | 4 weeks | 2–4 |
Tonucci [56] | Brazil | 23 | 51.8 ± 6.6 | B.,L. | 22 | 51.0 ± 7.2 | S. | 6 weeks | 4 |
Firouzi [57] | Malaysia | 68 | 52.9 ± 9.2 | B.,L. | 68 | 54.2 ± 8.3 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 1–4 |
Sabico [58] | UK | 39 | 48.0 ± 8.3 | B., L., La. | 39 | 46.6 ± 5.9 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 3,4 |
Sato [59] | Japan | 34 | 64.0 ± 9.2 | L. | 34 | 65.0 ± 8.3 | Placebo | 16 weeks | 2–5,7 |
Mobini [60] | Sweden | 14 | 64.0 ± 6.0 | L. | 15 | 65.0 ± 5.0 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 2–4,6,7 |
Abbasi [61] | Iran | 20 | 56.9 ± 8.1 | L. | 20 | 53.6 ± 7.2 | Placebo | 8 weeks | 3,4 |
Kobyliak [62] | Ukraine | 31 | 52.2 ± 9.7 | B., L., La., P. | 22 | 57.2 ± 9.7 | Placebo | 8 weeks | 1 |
Hsieh [63] | China | 46 | NA | L. | 22 | NA | Placebo | 6 months | 1–5 |
Raygan [64] | Iran | 30 | 60.7 ± 9.4 | B.,L. | 30 | 61.8 ± 9.8 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 1,3,4 |
Madempudi [65] | India | 37 | NA | B.,L. | 37 | NA | Placebo | 12 weeks | 1–4 |
Lestari [66] | Indonesia | 16 | NA | B.,L. | 16 | NA | L.,S. | 4Â weeks | 4 |
Razmpoosh [67] | Iran | 30 | 58.6 ± 6.5 | B.,L.,S. | 30 | 61.3 ± 5.2 | Placebo | 6 weeks | 1,3,4 |
Khalili [68] | Iran | 20 | 44.0 ± 8.1 | L. | 20 | 45.0 ± 5.37 | Placebo | 8 weeks | 1,2 |
Palacios [69] | Australia | 30 | 61.4 ± 8.9 | B.,L.,S. | 30 | 56.1 ± 12.3 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 1,2 |
Perraudeau [70] | USA | 42 | 51.5 ± 12.7 | B. | 16 | 53.5 ± 8.0 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 1,2 |
Jiang [71] | China | 42 | 56.0 ± 8.5 | B.,L.,S. | 34 | 56.1 ± 8.2 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 2 |
Mirjalili [72] | Iran | 36 | 54.5 ± 8.0 | B.,L. | 36 | 58.1 ± 9.8 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 2–4 |
Chaiyasut[73] | Thailand | 20 | 63.9 ± 1.4 | B. | 20 | 61.1 ± 1.8 | Placebo | 12 weeks | 2–4 |
Savytska [74] | Ukraine | 34 | 53.8 ± 9.6 | B.L.La.P. | 34 | 56.9 ± 9.9 | Placebo | 8 weeks | 2 |
Zikou [75] | Greece | 46 | 64.5 ± 11.1 | B.,L. | 45 | 65.7 ± 10.8 | Placebo | 6 months | 2–4 |