Fig. 3

Associations between sleep score and CVD outcomes, including CVD mortality, ASCVD, CAD, PAD, and Heart Failure, were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models and restricted cubic splines. The models were adjusted for various factors such as age, sex, race, BMI, smoking, drinking, sport, education, Thomson deprivation index, family history of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, dietary energy, dietary fiber, quality of diet, age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and severity of diabetes. Solid black lines represent Central estimates, while the gray-shaded areas represent the 95% confidence intervals