Insulin resistance-related features are associated with cognitive decline: a cross-sectional study in adult patients with type 1 diabetes

Table 4 Correlations of IR-related metabolic parameters with cognitive performance

Components	Global cognitive performance		General memory		General executive function		General sustained attention
Components	β	P	β	P	β	P	β	P
Body mass index (kg/cm²)	-0.033	0.736	0.060	0.620	-0.070	0.482	-0.053	0.644
Waist circumference (cm)	-0.141	0.150	0.011	0.930	-0.230	0.019	-0.026	0.823
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	-0.062	0.531	0.014	0.912	-0.066	0.512	-0.094	0.413
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	-0.086	0.380	-0.174	0.149	-0.106	0.284	-0.089	0.433
TG (mmol/l)	-0.283	0.003	-0.371	0.002	-0.257	0.008	-0.146	0.202
HDL-C (mmol/l)	0.093	0.344	0.204	0.090	-0.017	0.865	0.302	0.007
eIS (mg/kg/min)	0.296	0.002	0.296	0.013	0.258	0.008	0.199	0.081

Correlation analyses were performed using Spearman correlation, adjusted for age, gender, age of onset, hyperglycemia exposure score, history of DK/DKA, hypoglycemia episodes of the previous month, diabetic complications, years of education, depression and anxiety scores. An average z-score was calculated for each domain to capture general performance, with higher average z-score equals better performance. And the global cognitive performance was estimated by averaging the z-scores of all three domains. IR: insulin resistance; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; eIS: estimated insulin sensitivity

ISSN: 1758-5996