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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

From: Insulin resistance-related features are associated with cognitive decline: a cross-sectional study in adult patients with type 1 diabetes

Characteristics

T1D (n = 117)

Male (n, %)

48 (41.0%)

Age (years)

26.6 (21.1, 32.7)

Age at onset (years)

21.0 (14.7, 28.5)

Duration of diabetes (years)

3.3 (1.6, 8.6)

GADA+, IA-2A+, or ZnT8A+ (n, %)

90 (76.9%)

Insulin pump users (n, %)

83 (70.9%)

Daily insulin dose (u/kg/day)

0.62 (0.46, 0.74)

Preserved residual β-cell function (n, %)

66 (56.4%)

HbA1c (%)

7.4 (6.5, 8.6)

Diabetic complications (n, %)

11 (9.4%)

eGDR (mg/kg/min)

9.9 (8.8, 10.7)

Overweight/obesity/central obesity (n, %)

11 (9.4%)

Hypertension (n, %)

14 (12.0%)

Atherogenic dyslipidemia (n, %)

21 (17.9%)

eIS ≤ 4.66 mg/kg/min (n, %)

38 (32.5%)

Having IR-related features (n, %)

53 (45.3%)

  1. Data are expressed as number (%) or median (25th-75th percentiles). GADA: glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; IA-2A: insulinoma-associated protein 2 antibody; ZnT8A: zinc transporter 8 antibody; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; eIS: estimated insulin sensitivity; IR: insulin resistance