Table 1 Characteristics of the women with GDM stratified by GWG trajectory groups (p50(p25-p75) or n(%))
Non-excessive GWG | Excessive GWG | Excessive early GWG | p-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1994 | 598 | 140 | |
Maternal age, year | 32 (29–34) | 31 (29–34) | 31 (29–34) | 0.0004 |
Parity | 0.95 | |||
1st | 1560 (78.23) | 468 (78.26) | 108 (77.14) | |
2nd or more | 434 (21.77) | 130 (21.74) | 32 (22.86) | |
Height, cm | 162 (160–165) | 163 (160–167) | 162 (160–165) | < 0.0001 |
Pre-pregnancy weight, kg | 58 (52–65) | 63 (56–72) | 62 (55–70) | < 0.0001 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 21.9 (19.9–24.4) | 24.0 (20.9–27.2) | 24.0 (21.4–26.4) | < 0.0001 |
Proportions by pre-pregnancy BMI category | < 0.0001 | |||
Underweight | 221 (11.08) | 14 (2.34) | 3 (2.14) | |
Normal weight | 1220 (61.18) | 277 (46.32) | 65 (46.43) | |
Overweight | 386 (19.36) | 180 (30.10) | 45 (32.14) | |
Obesity | 167 (8.38) | 127 (21.24) | 27 (19.29) | |
Weight at delivery, kg | 70.0 (65.0–77.0) | 81.0 (73.0–89.0) | 78.0 (70.6–86.0) | < 0.0001 |
Total GWG, kg | 12.0 (9.0–15.0) | 17.0 (13.0–20.0) | 14.5 (11.0–18.0) | < 0.0001 |
GWG before OGTT, kg | 8.0 (5.5–10.0) | 8.0 (5.5–11.0) | 10 (7.5–13.0) | < 0.0001 |
GWG after OGTT, kg | 4.0 (2.6–6.0) | 8.0 (6.5–10.0) | 4.5 (3.0–6.0) | < 0.0001 |
Gestational week of OGTT, week | 25 (24–26) | 25 (24–26) | 25 (24–26) | 0.06 |
Blood glucose levels, mmol/L | ||||
OGTT 0 h | 5.11 (4.65–5.33) | 5.17 (4.82–5.38) | 5.23 (5.01–5.54) | < 0.0001 |
OGTT 1 h | 10.02 (8.81–10.7) | 9.39 (7.95–10.36) | 9.94 (8.50–10.95) | < 0.0001 |
OGTT 2 h | 8.35 (7.15–9.09) | 7.56 (6.57–8.70) | 7.85 (6.63–8.88) | < 0.0001 |