Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Patients by Quintile of Adipo-IR (n = 2222)

Sex (male), n (%)

1533 (69.0)

343 (76.7)

326 (74.1)

308 (68.9)

282 (63.9)

274 (61.3)

< 0.001

Age, y, mean (SD)

62.5 ± 11.5

64.3 ± 10.8

63.4 ± 10.5

63.0 ± 11.5

61.2 ± 11.9

60.6 ± 12.5

< 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m², mean (SD)

24.5 ± 3.3

23.4 ± 2.8

24.1 ± 3.1

24.4 ± 3.1

24.9 ± 3.2

25.9 ± 3.5

< 0.001

Laboratory tests at admission

 TG, mmol/L, mean (SD)

1.4 ± 0.8

1.2 ± 0.5

1.3 ± 0.6

1.4 ± 0.6

1.6 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 1.2

< 0.001

  TC, mmol/L, mean (SD)

4.0 ± 1.0

3.8 ± 0.9

3.9 ± 0.9

4.0 ± 1.0

4.1 ± 1.1

4.3 ± 1.1

< 0.001

  HDL-C, mmol/L, mean (SD)

1.0 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.3

< 0.001

  LDL-C, mmol/L, mean (SD)

2.4 ± 0.9

2.2 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 1.1

< 0.001

Medical history, n (%)

  Prior stroke

501 (22.5)

97 (21.7)

93 (21.1)

117 (26.2)

98 (22.2)

96 (21.5)

0.36

  Coronary heart disease

193 (8.7)

33 (7.4)

34 (7.7)

44 (9.8)

37 (8.4)

45 (10.1)

0.50

  Atrial fibrillation

171 (7.7)

45 (10.1)

34 (7.7)

35 (7.8)

27 (6.1)

30 (6.7)

0.22

  Hypertension

1306 (58.8)

243 (54.4)

236 (53.6)

261 (58.4)

264 (59.9)

302 (67.6)

< 0.001

  Dyslipidemia

106 (4.8)

11 (2.5)

11 (2.5)

29 (6.5)

18 (4.1)

37 (8.3)

< 0.001

Current smoking, n (%)

727 (32.7)

179 (40.0)

155 (35.2)

144 (32.2)

133 (30.2)

116 (26.0)

< 0.001

Regular drinking, n (%)

318 (14.3)

71 (15.9)

75 (17.0)

61 (13.6)

58 (13.2)

53 (11.9)

0.17

Pre-stroke mRS 3–5, n (%)

94 (4.2)

18 (4.0)

14 (3.2)

17 (3.8)

17 (3.9)

28 (6.3)

0.19

Medication history

  Antihypertensive agents

934 (42.0)

161 (36.0)

174 (39.5)

186 (41.6)

201 (45.6)

212 (47.4)

0.004

  Lipid-regulating agents

227 (10.2)

36 (8.1)

36 (8.2)

55 (12.3)

46 (10.4)

54 (12.1)

0.09

  Anticoagulants

17 (0.8)

3 (0.7)

2 (0.5)

7 (1.6)

1 (0.20

4 (0.9)

0.19

  Antiplatelet agents

364 (16.4)

57 (12.8)

75 (17.0)

80 (17.9)

69 (15.6)

83 (18.6)

0.14

NIHSS at admission, median (IQR)

3.0 (2.0–6.0)

3.0 (2.0–6.0)

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

3.0 (2.0–6.0)

3.0 (1.0–6.0)

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

0.28

Stroke etiology, n (%)

0.01

  Large-artery atherosclerosis

567 (25.5)

99 (22.1)

120 (27.3)

118 (26.4)

126 (28.6)

104 (23.3)

  Cardioembolism

148 (6.7)

43 (9.6)

34 (7.7)

29 (6.5)

19 (4.3)

23 (5.1)

  Small-artery occlusion

514 (23.1)

115 (25.7)

85 (19.3)

91 (20.4)

109 (24.7)

114 (25.5)

  Others

993 (44.7)

190 (42.5)

201 (45.7)

209 (46.8)

187 (42.4)

206 (46.1)

Urinary infection, n (%)

22 (1.0)

5 (1.1)

7 (1.6)

7 (1.6)

2 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

0.13

Pulmonary infection, n (%)

102 (4.6)

18 (4.0)

17 (3.9)

21 (4.7)

27 (6.1)

19 (4.3)

0.50

Medicines during hospitalization, n (%)

  Antiplatelet agents

2149 (96.7)

435 (97.3)

420 (95.5)

434 (97.1)

430 (97.5)

430 (96.2)

0.41

  Antihypertensive agents

958 (43.1)

156 (34.9)

155 (35.2)

191 (42.7)

233 (52.8)

223 (49.9)

< 0.001

  Lipid-lowering agents

2138 (96.2)

428 (95.7)

423 (96.1)

427 (95.5)

430 (97.5)

430 (96.2)

0.23

  Warfarin

54 (2.4)

9 (2.0)

13 (3.0)

10 (2.2)

9 (2.0)

13 (2.9)

0.81

  Intravenous alteplase

231 (10.4)

30 (6.7)

53 (12.0)

53 (11.9)

56 (12.7)

39 (8.7)

0.01

Medicine use during 1-year follow-up

  Antihypertensive agents

1068 (48.1)

191 (42.7)

185 (42.0)

198 (44.3)

255 (57.8)

239 (53.5)

< 0.001

  Lipid-regulating agents

1607 (72.3)

338 (75.6)

321 (73.0)

309 (69.1)

325 (73.7)

314 (70.2)

0.19

  Anticoagulants

67 (3.0)

13 (2.9)

15 (3.4)

12 (2.7)

12 (2.7)

15 (3.4)

0.51

  Antiplatelet agents

1761 (79.3)

370 (82.8)

344 (78.2)

352 (78.7)

352 (79.8)

352 (79.8)

0.14