A multi-scale digital twin for adiposity-driven insulin resistance in humans: diet and drug effects

Table 3 Parameters on the organ/tissue level that were estimated to the Fast-food study-data (specifically the initial values of glucose and insulin). For the Topiramate study, the values from [4] where used

Parameter	Description
V_G	Distribution volume of glucose
k₁	Rate parameter glucose kinetics
k₂	Rate parameter glucose kinetics
G_b	Basal plasma glucose
V_I	Distribution volume of insulin
m₁	Insulin kinetics rate parameter
m₂	Insulin kinetics rate parameter
m₄	Insulin kinetics rate parameter
m₅	Insulin kinetics rate parameter
m₆	Insulin kinetics rate parameter
HE_b	Baseline hepatic insulin extraction
I_b	Basal plasma insulin
S_b	Basal insulin secretion
k_max	Glucose emptying max rate
k_min	Glucose min rate
k_abs	Rate of intestinal absorption
k_gri	Rate of grinding
f	Fraction of intestinal absorption appears in plasma
b	Rate of appearance parameter
dd	Rate of appearance parameter
k_p1	Extrapolated EGP at zero Glucose and Insulin
k_p2	Liver Glucose effectiveness
k_p3	Amplitude of insulin action on liver
k_p4	Amplitude of portal Insulin action on liver
k_i	Delay between Insulin signal and Insulin action
p_2U	Rate constant of Insulin action on the peripheral Glucose utilization
K	Pancreatic responsivity to glucose rate of change
alpha	Delay between glucose rate of change
beta	Pancreatic responsivity to glucose
gamma	Transfer rate constant between portal vein & liver
k_e1	Rate of renal extraction
k_e2	Cut-off for renal extraction

ISSN: 1758-5996