From: Metabolic syndrome and transaminases: systematic review and meta-analysis
Author, year, country | Study design | STROBE(21) Reporting Guidelines | Age of participants | No. Of subjects MetS+/MetS- | MetS criteria | Results | ||||||
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Cheng, et al., 2017, Italy [24]. | Cross sectional study | 18 | Men MetS + 56.57 ± 16.25 MetS- 47.88 ± 18.45 Women MetS + 56.61 ± 17.58 MetS- 44.57 ± 18.36 | Men 969/2595 Total 3564 Women 1130/2676 Total 3806 | NCEP ATP III | ALT values were significantly higher in MetS + participants. | ||||||
Men MetS + 33.89 ± 23.55 (ALT) MetS- 29.3 ± 32.27 (ALT) | Women MetS + 24.92 ± 58.29 (ALT) MetS 20.45 ± 19.43 (ALT) | |||||||||||
Cheng YL, et al., 2017. Taiwan [25] | Cohort study | 18 | MetS + 56.3 ± 12.5 MetS- 50.6 ± 13.2 | 8564/21,233 Total 29,797 | IDF | Subjects with MetS + have higher ALT, AST and GGT levels compared to subjects without MetS-. | ||||||
MetS + 35.1 ± 29.1 (ALT) MetS- 23.8 ± 17.6 (ALT) | MetS + 26 ± 18.2 (AST) MetS- 21.9 ± 10.3(AST) | MetS + 34.2 ± 50.9 (GGT) MetS-21 ± 28.4 (GGT) | ||||||||||
Choi, et al., 2017. Japan [26] | Cross sectional study | 21 | Men MetS + 49.5 ± 6.5 MetS- 48.8 ± 6.1 | Men 251/474 Total 725 | NCEP ATP III | ALT, AST, and GGT were significantly higher in middle-aged men with MetS + than in those without MetS-. | ||||||
MetS + 37.5 ± 22.5 (ALT) MetS- 27.6 ± 17.7 (ALT) | MetS + 30.6 ± 12.4 (AST) MetS- 27.4 ± 13 (AST) | MetS + 58.3 ± 48.1 (GGT) MetS- 40.8 ± 49.2 (GGT) | ||||||||||
Huang, et al., 2018. China [27] | Cross sectional study | 18 | Men MetS + 45.2 ± 9.4 MetS-42.14 ± 11.0 Women MetS + 48.5 ± 13.3 MetS- 41.9 ± 10.9 | Men 43/176 Total 219 Women 18/196 Total 214 | NCEP ATP III | Subjects with elevated ALT levels are at increased risk of MetS. ALT may be significantly associated with the presence of MetS. | ||||||
Men MetS + 27.7 ± 7.5 (ALT) MetS- 24.4 ± 8.9 (ALT) | Women MetS + 22.3 ± 9.5 (ALT) MetS- 17.4 ± 7.6 (ALT) | |||||||||||
Kim, et al., 2022, Korea [28]. | Cross sectional study | 19 | Men MetS + 68.5 ± 6.1 MetS- 69.5 ± 6.3 Women MetS + 69.3 ± 6.1 MetS- 68.8 ± 6.4 | Men 583/1106 Total 1689 Women 1299/1493 Total 2792 | Harmonised criteria | Elevated ALT and AST levels in MetS + subjects. | ||||||
Men MetS + 25.8 ± 15.3 (ALT) MetS- 20.1 ± 10.3 (ALT) MetS + 25.2 ± 12.4 (AST) MetS- 23.3 ± 7.7 (AST) | Women MetS + 21.2 ± 12.3 (ALT) MetS-17.9 ± 11.3 (ALT) MetS + 23.3 ± 9.2 (AST) MetS- 22.5 ± 8.3 (AST) | |||||||||||
Kohsari et al., 2021, Iran [29]. | Cross sectional study | 18 | Age of participants 47.3 ± 4.1 | Men 1329/3397 Total 4730 Women 1936/3141 Total 5092 | Harmonised criteria | Significant association between elevated ALT, AST, GGT and ALP levels and increased risk of MetS. | ||||||
MetS + 27.6 ± 27.1 (ALT) MetS- 23.5 ± 13.9 (ALT) | MetS + 21.8 ± 8.5 (AST) MetS- 21.2 ± 8.9 (AST) | MetS + 28.9 ± 22.2 (GGT) MetS- 22.4 ± 18.2 (GGT) | ||||||||||
Kuo et al., 2018, Taiwan [30]. | Cross sectional study | 19 | MetS + 61.0 ± 11.0 MetS − 57.5 ± 11.6 | 54,361/125,998 Total 180,359 | Harmonised criteria | Subjects with MetS + had higher ALT and AST levels. | ||||||
MetS + 33.1 ± 25.0 (ALT) MetS- 24.6 ± 19.1 (ALT) | MetS + 28.6 ± 15.8 (AST) MetS- 25.1 ± 12.1(AST) | |||||||||||
Liu, et al., 2018. China [31] | Cross sectional study | 19 | MetS + 69.58 ± 7.01 MetS- 70.04 ± 7.65 | 524/920 Total 1444 | Harmonised criteria | Elevated ALT, GGT and ALP levels are positively associated with the prevalence of MetS in the elderly population. | ||||||
MetS + 26.98 ± 15.51 (ALT) MetS- 22.01 ± 12.58 (ALT) | MetS + 23.37 ± 8.85 (AST) MetS- 23.25 ± 8.66 (AST) | MetS + 29.80 ± 19.54 (GGT) MetS- 23.42 ± 18.93 (GGT) | ||||||||||
Mitsuhashi et al., 2017, Japan [32]. | Cohort study | 18 | MetS + 50.1 ± 9.3 MetS- 44.5 ± 9.4 | 698/13,266 Total 13,964 | IDF | Higher AST, ALT and GGTP values in non-fatty liver MetS subjects. | ||||||
MetS + 23.2 ± 12.7 (ALT) MetS- 17.5 ± 11.4 (ALT) | MetS + 20.7 ± 11.0 (AST) MetS- 17.8 ± 8. (AST) | MetS + 34.6 ± 40.0 (GGTP) MetS- 19.3 ± 19.0 (GGTP) | ||||||||||
Osadnik et al., 2020, Poland. [33] | Cross sectional study | 19 | MetS + 28.07 ± 4.48 MetS- 26.86 ± 4.49 | 70/390 Total 460 | Buscemi et al. (46) | MetS + subjects had increased activity of liver enzymes ALT, AST and GGTP. | ||||||
MetS + 30.61 ± 26.97 (ALT) MetS- 18.74 ± 16.01 (ALT) | MetS + 31.06 ± 54.85 (AST) MetS- 20.58 ± 9.7 (AST) | MetS + 36.27 ± 38.78 (GGTP) MetS- 16.56 ± 9.65 (GGTP) | ||||||||||
Sakane et al., 2020, Japan [34]. | Cluster randomised controlled trial | 20 | MetS + 49.4 ± 6.7 MetS- 48.4 ± 7.9 | 490/844 Total 1334 | NCEP ATP III | MetS + group has elevated AST and ALT levels compared to the MetS- group. | ||||||
MetS + 27.9 ± 11.4 (AST) MetS- 23.4 ± 13.8 (AST) | MetS + 37.2 ± 22.0 (ALT) MetS- 25 ± 15.8 (ALT) | |||||||||||
Sobage et al., 2020, Japan [35]. | Cross sectional study | 20 | MetS + 51.2 ± 9.7 MetS- 55.4 ± 7.2 | 418/2246 Total 2664 | NCEP ATP III | ALT, AST, GGT and the prevalence of NAFLD were significantly higher in the MetS + group. | ||||||
MetS + 37.0 ± 25.3 (ALT) MetS- 19.3 ± 11.4 (ALT) | MetS + 29.6 ± 15.1 (AST) MetS- 22.3 ± 6.6 (AST) | MetS + 48.0 ± 37.5 (GGTP) MetS- 26.2 ± 27.0 (GGTP) | ||||||||||
Sumiyoshi et al., 2018, Japan [36]. | Retrospect. observational study | 19 | MetS + 50.8 ± 9.5 MetS- 48.8 ± 9.6 | 1031/13,762 Total 14,793 | Japan Diagnostic criteria | Higher ALT and AST levels are observed in the MetS + group. | ||||||
MetS + 32 ± 22 (ALT) MetS- 21 ± 15 (ALT) | MetS + 25 ± 12 (AST) MetS- 21 ± 9 (AST) | |||||||||||
Wang, et al., 2018, China [37]. | Cross sectional study | 19 | MetS + 69.34 ± 7.11 MetS- 70.6 ± 6.76 | 161/307 Total 468 | Harmonized criteria | Significantly higher ALT levels in the MetS + group. | ||||||
MetS + 24.77 ± 14.58 (ALT) MetS- 21.64 ± 14.17 (ALT) | MetS + 24.62 ± 14.58 (AST) MetS- 24.19 ± 8.80 (AST) | |||||||||||
Wang, et al., 2020, China [38]. | Cross sectional study | 19 | MetS 68.79 ± 6.53 MetS- 68.34 ± 6.58 | 2207/1791 Total 3998 | NCEP ATP III | The combined increase in serum uric acid (SUA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly correlated with MetS and its components. | ||||||
MetS + 22.32 ± 18.39 (ALT) MetS- 18.27 ± 13.52 (ALT) | MetS + 23.18 ± 14.31 (AST) MetS- 22.08 ± 10.98 (AST) | |||||||||||
Wu et al., 2021, Taiwan [39]. | Prospective Cohort study | 20 | MetS + 42.88 ± 8.96 MetS- 37.97 ± 9.0 | 66/680 Total 746 | NCEP ATP III | Higher ALT and AST levels are associated with an elevated risk of MetS+. | ||||||
MetS + 31.77 ± 23.77 (ALT) MetS- 20.58 ± 24.07 (ALT) | MetS + 22.92 ± 12.09 (AST) MetS- 19.49 ± 12.52 (AST) | |||||||||||
Yang, et al., 2021. China [40] | Case-control study | 18 | MetS + 54.89 ± 12.53 MetS- 45.67 ± 12.73 | 538/5164 Total 5702 | Chinese society of Diabetes | Higher ALT, AST levels in MetS + subjects. | ||||||
MetS- 30.19 ± 19.87 (ALT) MetS- 25.38 ± 20.74 (ALT) | MetS + 25.65 ± 10.82 (AST) MetS- 23.37 ± 11.42 (AST) |