Table 1 Anthropometric and life style characteristics of rural residents (45+ years old, Kyiv region, Ukraine) belonging to different categories, created according to a results of the glucose tolerance screening
From: Neck circumference as a risk factor of screen-detected diabetes mellitus: community-based study
Categories/measurements | NGT | IGR: IFG and/or IGT | SDDM, Hb A1c < 6.5 % | SDDM, Hb A1c ≥ 6.5 % | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Both genders, n | 74 | 68 | 29 | 25 | |
Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 5.6 (5.2–5.8) | 6.3 (6.1–6.6) | 7.4 (7.1–7.9) | 8.1 (7.4–9.4) | <0.001 |
Glucose tolerance test, mmol/l | 5.5 (4.8–6.7) | 6.8 (5.5–8.9) | 7.9 (6.4–11.5) | 12.6 (8.4–15.6) | <0.001 |
HbA1c, %; n | 5.25 (5.01–5.5); 2 | 5.8 (5.6–5.8); 14 | 5.9 (5.6–6.2); 29 | 7.3 (7.0–8.0); 25 | <0.001 |
Insufficient physical activity, n (%) | 6 (8.2) | 4 (5.9) | 6 (20.7) | 5 (20.0) | 0.061 |
First line relatives with diabetes, n (%) | 14 (19.2) | 14 (20.9) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (17.4) | 0.970 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 6 (8.1) | 4 (5.9) | 2 (6.9) | 1 (4.0) | 0.895 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 50 (68.5) | 37 (54.4) | 29 (62.1) | 15 (60.0) | 0.395 |
Stroke/MI history, n (%) | 5 (6.8) | 3 (4.5) | 5 (17.2) | 19 (76.0) | <0.001 |
High blood pressure, n (%) | 48 (64.9) | 49 (72.1) | 23 (79.3) | 25 (100) | 0.006 |
Parental family starvation, n (%) | 48 (81.4) | 44 (83) | 16 (76.2) | 13 (65) | 0.364 |
Personal childhood starvation, n (%) | 26 (89.7) | 22 (100) | 7 (77.8) | 7 (53.8) | 0.002 |
Thyroid volume, ml; n | 12.4 (10.6–16.5); 25 | 13.5 (12.0–17.8); 32 | 15.7 (14.2–20.6); 12 | 17.2 (11.5–20.7); 15 | 0.245 |
Women, n | 55 | 53 | 24 | 18 | 0.756 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 5.7 (5.3–5.8) | 6.4 (6.2–6.6) | 7.4 (7.1–7.9) | 8.5 (7.4–9.9) | <0.001 |
Glucose tolerance test, mmol/l | 5.7 (5.0–6.8) | 7.1 (5.6–8.9) | 8.1 (6.6–11.6) | 12.5 (8.1–15.7) | <0.001 |
HbA1c, %; n | – | 5.8 (5.6–5.8); 14 | 5.9 (5.6–6.3); 24 | 7.5 (7.0–8.0); 18 | <0.001 |
Insufficient physical activity, n (%) | 3 (5.5) | 2 (3.8) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | 0.109 |
Parental family starvation, n (%) | 36 (83.7) | 36 (81.8) | 12 (75) | 12 (80) | 0.875 |
Personal childhood starvation, n (%) | 20 (90.9) | 18 (100) | 5 (71.4) | 6 (66.7) | 0.045 |
1st line relatives with diabetes, n (%) | 11 (20.4) | 12 (23.1) | 5 (21.7) | 3 (50.0) | 0.439 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.9) | – | – | 0.852 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 36 (66.7) | 28 (52.8) | 15 (62.5) | 9 (50.0) | 0.412 |
High blood pressure, n (%) | 39 (70.9) | 45 (84.9) | 20 (83.3) | 18 (100) | 0.035 |
Stroke/MI history, n (%) | 3 (5.5) | 3 (5.8) | 4 (16.7) | 5 (27.8) | 0.021 |
Age, years | 64 (57–74) | 63 (56–71) | 64 (55–72.5) | 68 (60–73) | 0.391 |
Height, cm | 158 (154–163) | 160 (154–162) | 161.5 (155–166) | 161.5 (155–164) | 0.464 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.7 (25.5–33.3) | 32.6 (28.9–36.7) | 33.1 (28.8–37.2) | 36.6 (31.2–40.4) | 0.002 |
Neck circumference, cm | 35 (33–36) | 36 (34.5–38) | 38 (36–39.3) | 37.5 (36–40) | <0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 95 (88–103) | 105 (98–111) | 106 (97.5–114.5) | 116 (105–130) | <0.001 |
Hip circumference, cm | 107 (101–117) | 109 (102–117) | 110.5 (101.5–121) | 116 (112–129) | 0.008 |
WC/HC | 0.88 (0.83–0.95) | 0.93 (0.90–0.98) | 0.97 (0.89–1.00) | 0.98 (0.95–1.04) | 0.014 |
Thyroid volume, ml; n | 12.2 (8.8–15.6); 19 | 13.5 (12.1–18.1); 25 | 15.4 (14.6–19.7); 9 | 15.2 (9.2–22.7); 10 | 0.173 |
Men, n | 19 | 15 | 5 | 7 | |
Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 5.4 (4.7–5.9) | 6.1 (5.6–6.3) | 7.4 (7.3–7.4) | 7.9 (6.6–9.4) | <0.001 |
Glucose tolerance test, mmol/l | 5.3 (4.3–6.1) | 6.1 (5.1–9.1) | 6.3 (6.0–7.4) | 12.8 (8.4–15.6) | <0.001 |
HbA1c, %; n | – | – | 6.0 (5.6–6.1); 5 | 7.1 (7.0–8.3); 7 | 0.003 |
Insufficient physical activity, n (%) | 3 (16.7) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (40) | 2 (28.6) | 0.549 |
Parental family starvation, n (%) | 12 (75) | 8 (88.9) | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | 0.044 |
Personal childhood starvation, n (%) | 6 (85.7) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (25) | 0.045 |
First line relatives with diabetes, n (%) | 3 (15.8) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.953 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 5 (26.3) | 3 (20) | 2 (40) | 1 (14.3) | 0.740 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 14 (73.7) | 9 (60) | 3 (60) | 6 (85.7) | 0.598 |
High blood pressure, n (%) | 9 (47.4) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (60) | 7 (100) | 0.015 |
Stroke/MI history, n (%) | 2 (10.5) | – | 1 (20) | 1 (14.3) | 0.459 |
Age, years | 66 (56–75) | 57 (49–78) | 61 (59–70) | 75 (61–79) | 0.364 |
Height, cm | 172 (167–176) | 168 (164–172) | 167 (167–174) | 169 (161–180) | 0.294 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.3(24.1–31.1) | 28.1 (25.1–33.7) | 31.4 (29.0–31.7) | 31.9 (29.6–35.9) | 0.172 |
Neck circumference, cm | 38.5 (36.5–41.5) | 39 (37–42) | 42 (40–43) | 42.5 (40–44) | 0.063 |
Waist circumference, cm | 97 (90–104) | 96 (89–109) | 108 (99–112) | 114 (111–116) | 0.029 |
Hip circumference, cm | 100 (96–109) | 101.5 (98–108) | 97 (97–109) | 107 (104–114) | 0.315 |
WC/HC | 0.96 (0.93–1.01) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | 1.03 (1.01–1.07) | 0.026 |
Thyroid volume, ml; n | 14.5 (11.9–28.2); 6 | 13.5 (11.9–17.5); 7 | 20.7 (13.9–26.1); 3 | 17.2 (12.1–20.7); 5 | 0.655 |