Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes, and age-matched non-diabetic controls

Age (years)

60.7 ± 3.1

59.6 ± 4.4

<0.01

Female gender, n (%)

245 (34 %)

67 (52 %)

<0.01

BMI (kg/m²)

30.2 ± 4.7

25.8 ± 3.1

<0.01

Waist circumference (cm)

104.5 ± 11.9

92.7 ± 11.4

<0.01

Sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)

25.6 ± 3.8

22.4 ± 3.6

<0.01

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.7 ± 1.0

5.8 ± 1.0

<0.01

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.3 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.4

<0.01

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.7 ± 0.8

3.5 ± 0.9

<0.01

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.8 ± 1.1

1.3 ± 0.6

<0.01

Office systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

137.2 ± 16.4

132.4 ± 15.6

<0.01

Office diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

79.9 ± 10.0

84.3 ± 9.1

<0.01

Ambulatory systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

129.8 ± 13.7

123.4 ± 13.9

<0.01

Ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76.4 ± 8.1

76.3 ± 8.8

NS

25-OH vitamin D (nmol/l)

50.9 ± 22.0

68.3 ± 26.3

<0.01

PTH (ng/l)

47.1 ± 17.4

46.2 ± 14.4

NS

Albumin-corrected serum calcium (mmol/l)

2.25 ± 0.17

2.30 ± 0.08

<0.01

PWV (m/s)

10.3 ± 2.1

9.2 ± 2.3

<0.01

IMT (mm)

0.74 ± 0.2

0.68 ± 0.2

<0.01

Statin (%)

55

12

<0.01

Acetylsalicylic acid (%)

29

9

<0.01

Thiazide diuretic (%)

10

8

0.47

ACE inhibitor or ARB (%)

43

13

<0.01

Calcium antagonist (%)

15

6

<0.01

Beta blocker (%)

35

15

<0.01

Insulin (%)

32

-

-

Metformin (%)

53

-

-

Rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (%)

5

-

-

Sulfonylurea or glinide (%)

15

-

-

Acarbose (%)

2

-

-