Fig. 3

Effects of insulin on ROS generation in tubular cells. Tubular cells were incubated with 0.1 % DMSO in the presence or absence of 10 μM carboxy-H₂DFFDA for 1 h. Then the cells were treated with or without the indicated concentrations of insulin. After 24 min, ROS generation was measured. Under cell-free conditions, 10 μM carboxy-H₂DFFDA was incubated with the indicated concentrations of H₂O₂ for 24 min, and then the fluorescence was also measured. N = 6. *, p < 0.05 compared with the values of non-treated cells. ##, p < 0.01 compared with the values under cell-free conditions without H₂O₂