Table 1 Mean values (standard deviation) of clinical and dietary data of the 205 participants according to gender
Men | Women | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
• Clinical data | |||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.1 ± 4.5 | 31.3 ± 5.8 | 0.05 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 102.7 ± 12.5 | 100.0 ± 13.2 | 0.16 |
Fat mass (%) | 25.8 ± 6.3 | 38.4 ± 6.8 | <0.01 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 101.2 ± 10.6 | 98.3 ± 11.8 | 0.08 |
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 153.9 ± 38.9 | 157.6 ± 43.6 | 0.55 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 161.5 ± 69.4 | 144.3 ± 67.1 | <0.01 |
Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 13.7 ± 1.8 | <0.01 |
HOMA-IR | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 0.52 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | <0.01 |
Tumor necrosis factor-α (pg/mL) | 12.0 ± 4.7 | 12.5 ± 7.4 | 0.59 |
Superoxide dismutase (U/ml) | 44.2 ± 1.5 | 42.6 ± 1.4 | 0.50 |
Oxidized LDL (μg/mL) | 11.3 ± 1.7 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 0.12 |
• Dietary data | |||
Energy (kcal) | 1,801 ± 695 | 1,798 ± 662 | 0.98 |
Saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acids | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.66 |
Total fiber (g) | 15.5 ± 5.5 | 15.6 ± 5.5 | 0.32 |
Pro-vitamin A carotenoids (μg) | 227.4 ± 2.4 | 207.5 ± 2.3 | 0.46 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 5.6 ± 2.1 | 5.9 ± 3.2 | 0.63 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 62.7 ± 4.6 | 64.2 ± 2.8 | 0.89 |
Fruits (servings) | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.11 |
Vegetables (servings) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.64 |