Low-density lipoprotein particle size in hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome

Table 2 Adjusted mean values (± SE) of variables on lipid and insulin resistance

Lipid profiles	Control	HS alone	HS with MetS^a	P value (Between groups)	P value (Linear trend)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.54 ± 0.06	4.92 ± 0.08**	4.88 ± 0.12	0.012	0.002
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L	2.74 ± 0.06	3.09 ± 0.07**	3.00 ± 0.10*	0.001	0.019
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.11 ± 0.05	1.48 ± 0.07***^††	2.20 ± 1.00***^††	< 0.001	< 0.001
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	1.34 ± 0.02	1.23 ± 0.03**	1.09 ± 0.04***^†	< 0.001	< 0.001
Lipoprotein(a), mmol/L	0.71 ± 0.05	0.77 ± 0.09	0.67 ± 0.09	0.632	0.699
Apo B, g/L	0.77 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.02**	0.91 ± 0.03**	< 0.001	< 0.001
Apo A-I, g/L	1.27 ± 0.03	1.23 ± 0.03	1.24 ± 0.05	0.623	0.537
Plsama total homocysteine (tHcy) and HOMA-IR
Plasma tHcy, μmol/L	6.9 ± 0.2	7.2 ± 0.3	7.2 ± 0.4	0.593	0.471
Fasting insulin, μU/ml	5.3 ± 0.5	6.8 ± 0.6	7.2 ± 0.9	0.083	0.056
HOMA-IR	1.3 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.2*	0.030	0.014

Adjusted for age, sex, alcohol drinking (≥20 g/d), and smoking. LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; apo B, apolipoprotein B; apo A-I, apolipoprotein A-I; HOMA-IR; homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance.
*P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; compared with the control (Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons).
^†P < 0.05, ^†† P < 0.001; compared with the HS alone (Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons).

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