Animal models for clinical and gestational diabetes: maternal and fetal outcomes

Table 1 Maternal reproductive outcomes of control, severe diabetic and mild diabetic rats

Variables	Control	Severe diabetes	Mild diabetes
Number of rats used	16	50	30
Number of rats that achieved inclusion criteria	16 (100%)	18 (36%)	6 (20%)
Implantation number	159	199	70
Mean ± SEM	11.67 ± 0.33	11.71 ± 0.39	11.67 ± 0.56
Live fetus number	153	115	66
Mean ± SEM	11.50 ± 0.22	6.76 ± 1.15^{a, b}	11.00 ± 0.37
Pre-implantation loss (%)	4.85%	8,44%	1,52%
Post-implantation loss (%)	1.28%	42,27%^{c, d}	5,24%

Rats were injected with citrate buffer solution (control), streptozotocin as adults (severe diabetes) and streptozotocin during the neonatal period (mild diabetes). Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation and proportions (%). ^aP < 0.05 - statistically significant difference compared to control group (Student Newman Keuls); ^bP < 0.05 - statistically significant difference compared to mild diabetes group (Student Newman Keuls); ^cP < 0.05 - statistically significant difference compared to control group (Mann Whitney); ^dP < 0.05 - statistically significant difference compared to mild diabetes group (Mann Whitney). SEM, standard error of the mean.

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