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Table 4 Gender-specific difference of grip strength and various body components between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic T2DM patients

From: Gender-specific impacts of thigh skinfold thickness and grip strength for predicting osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes

Female

Osteoporosis (n = 17)

Non-osteoporosis (n = 43)

p value

Age (years)

71.2 [65.9; 75.0]

68.7 [61.5; 71.8]

0.096

BMI (kg/m2)

24.5 [21.9; 26.9]

25.4 [21.8; 27.2]

0.605

Grip strength (kg)

15.8 [12.6; 17.9]

19.2 [15.8; 22.8]

0.013*

Total lean mass (kg)

31.9 [30.0; 39.2]

34.9 [33.1; 38.1]

0.496

Total fat mass (kg)

16.9 [13.0; 24.4]

22.8 [16.0; 25.7]

0.05

Arms lean mass (kg)

3.37 [2.93; 3.82]

3.44 [3.21; 3.93]

0.831

Legs lean mass (kg)

9.8 [8.7; 11.5]

10.5 [10.0; 11.2]

0.133

Android lean mass (kg)

2.38 [2.07; 3.26]

2.49 [2.16; 2.68]

0.812

Gynoid lean mass (kg)

4.31 [3.77; 4.92]

4.74 [4.32; 5.06]

0.078

Arms fat mass (kg)

1.95 [1.30; 2.64]

2.32 [1.72; 2.80]

0.138

Legs fat mass (kg)

4.38 [3.02; 6.00]

5.93 [3.72; 7.45]

0.055

Android fat mass (kg)

1.84 [1.40; 2.40]

2.34 [1.64; 2.87]

0.085

Gynoid fat mass (kg)

2.97 [2.16; 3.64]

3.43 [2.61; 4.28]

0.027*

Midaxillary SF (mm)

16.0 [13.3; 21.5]

21.0 [16.3; 25.0]

0.024*

Subscapular SF (mm)

15.5 [11.5; 22.0]

19.8 [17.0; 23.0]

0.044*

Thigh SF (mm)

13.8 [8.8; 20.0]

21.3 [15.0; 28.5]

0.005**

Male

Osteoporosis (n = 7)

Non-osteoporosis (n = 36)

p value

Age (years)

69.0 [63.8; 74.6]

67.3 [59.4; 70.0]

0.176

BMI (kg/m2)

23.1 [19.7; 30.1]

26.3 [24.1; 29.7]

0.223

Grip strength (kg)

26.7 [14.2; 28.8]

37.1 [29.8; 39.8]

0.002**

Total lean mass (kg)

41.8 [41.2; 45.1]

51.7 [48.5; 55.4]

<0.001***

Total fat mass (kg)

11.3 [8.9; 31.5]

21.3 [13.4; 27.5]

0.198

Arms lean mass (kg)

4.61 [4.03; 5.06]

5.66 [5.11; 6.16]

0.001**

Legs lean mass (kg)

12.8 [11.8; 13.6]

15.7 [14.9; 17.0]

< 0.001***

Android lean mass (kg)

3.19 [2.71; 3.85]

3.74 [3.47; 4.13]

0.026*

Gynoid lean mass (kg)

5.44 [5.30; 6.61]

7.12 [6.63; 7.79]

0.001**

Arms fat mass (kg)

1.25 [0.83; 2.46]

1.56 [1.15; 2.35]

0.292

Legs fat mass (kg)

3.17 [2.33; 6.63]

4.28 [3.24; 6.18]

0.374

Android fat mass (kg)

1.44 [0.86; 3.85]

2.60 [1.64; 3.36]

0.292

Gynoid fat mass (kg)

2.09 [1.71; 4.22]

2.95 [2.18; 3.76]

0.323

Midaxillary SF (mm)

13.0 [8.0; 22.0]

16.9 [14.5; 22.5]

0.277

Subscapular SF (mm)

12.0 [11.0; 24.0]

18.5 [16.1; 23.0]

0.21

Thigh SF (mm)

11.0 [9.5; 18.3]

13.3 [8.8; 16.9]

0.711

Female

Osteoporosis (n = 17)

Non-osteoporosis (n = 43)

p value

Age (years)

71.2 [65.9; 75.0]

68.7 [61.5; 71.8]

0.096

BMI (kg/m2)

24.5 [21.9; 26.9]

25.4 [21.8; 27.2]

0.605

Grip strength (kg)

15.8 [12.6; 17.9]

19.2 [15.8; 22.8]

0.013*

Total lean mass (kg)

31.9 [30.0; 39.2]

34.9 [33.1; 38.1]

0.496

Total fat mass (kg)

16.9 [13.0; 24.4]

22.8 [16.0; 25.7]

0.05

Arms lean mass (kg)

3.37 [2.93; 3.82]

3.44 [3.21; 3.93]

0.831

Legs lean mass (kg)

9.8 [8.7; 11.5]

10.5 [10.0; 11.2]

0.133

Android lean mass (kg)

2.38 [2.07; 3.26]

2.49 [2.16; 2.68]

0.812

Gynoid lean mass (kg)

4.31 [3.77; 4.92]

4.74 [4.32; 5.06]

0.078

Arms fat mass (kg)

1.95 [1.30; 2.64]

2.32 [1.72; 2.80]

0.138

Legs fat mass (kg)

4.38 [3.02; 6.00]

5.93 [3.72; 7.45]

0.055

Android fat mass (kg)

1.84 [1.40; 2.40]

2.34 [1.64; 2.87]

0.085

Gynoid fat mass (kg)

2.97 [2.16; 3.64]

3.43 [2.61; 4.28]

0.027*

Midaxillary SF (mm)

16.0 [13.3; 21.5]

21.0 [16.3; 25.0]

0.024*

Subscapular SF (mm)

15.5 [11.5; 22.0]

19.8 [17.0; 23.0]

0.044*

Thigh SF (mm)

13.8 [8.8; 20.0]

21.3 [15.0; 28.5]

0.005**

Male

Osteoporosis (n = 7)

Non-osteoporosis (n = 36)

p value

Age (years)

69.0 [63.8; 74.6]

67.3 [59.4; 70.0]

0.176

BMI (kg/m2)

23.1 [19.7; 30.1]

26.3 [24.1; 29.7]

0.223

Grip strength (kg)

26.7 [14.2; 28.8]

37.1 [29.8; 39.8]

0.002**

Total lean mass (kg)

41.8 [41.2; 45.1]

51.7 [48.5; 55.4]

<0.001***

Total fat mass (kg)

11.3 [8.9; 31.5]

21.3 [13.4; 27.5]

0.198

Arms lean mass (kg)

4.61 [4.03; 5.06]

5.66 [5.11; 6.16]

0.001**

Legs lean mass (kg)

12.8 [11.8; 13.6]

15.7 [14.9; 17.0]

< 0.001***

Android lean mass (kg)

3.19 [2.71; 3.85]

3.74 [3.47; 4.13]

0.026*

Gynoid lean mass (kg)

5.44 [5.30; 6.61]

7.12 [6.63; 7.79]

0.001**

Arms fat mass (kg)

1.25 [0.83; 2.46]

1.56 [1.15; 2.35]

0.292

Legs fat mass (kg)

3.17 [2.33; 6.63]

4.28 [3.24; 6.18]

0.374

Android fat mass (kg)

1.44 [0.86; 3.85]

2.60 [1.64; 3.36]

0.292

Gynoid fat mass (kg)

2.09 [1.71; 4.22]

2.95 [2.18; 3.76]

0.323

Midaxillary SF (mm)

13.0 [8.0; 22.0]

16.9 [14.5; 22.5]

0.277

Subscapular SF (mm)

12.0 [11.0; 24.0]

18.5 [16.1; 23.0]

0.21

Thigh SF (mm)

11.0 [9.5; 18.3]

13.3 [8.8; 16.9]

0.711

  1. Variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and are presented as median values and [quartiles]. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SF, skinfold. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001