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Table 2 Gender difference among grip strength, DXA scan parameters, skinfold measurement and osteoporosis/osteopenia in the T2DM patients

From: Gender-specific impacts of thigh skinfold thickness and grip strength for predicting osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes

 

Females

Males

p value

(n = 60)

(n = 43)

 

Grip strength (kg)

17.9 [15.2; 21.7]

34.8 [27; 39.2]

< 0.001**

DXA scan parameters

   

Total lean mass (kg)

34.7 [31.8; 38.3]

50.7 [46.6; 54.4]

< 0.001**

Total fat mass (kg)

20.5 [15.3; 25]

21 [12.6; 27.6]

0.831

Total BMC (kg)

1.92 [1.67; 2.21]

2.74 [2.41; 2.96]

< 0.001**

Arms lean mass (kg)

3.42 [3.07; 3.83]

5.52 [5.03; 6.04]

< 0.001**

Legs lean mass (kg)

10.4 [9.9; 11.2]

15.4 [14; 16.7]

< 0.001**

Android lean mass (kg)

2.47 [2.15; 2.76]

3.73 [3.32; 4.10]

< 0.001**

Gynoid lean mass (kg)

4.68 [4.19; 5.01]

6.99 [6.44; 7.59]

< 0.001**

Arms fat mass (kg)

2.11 [1.59; 2.78]

1.51 [1.12; 2.39]

0.003*

Legs fat mass (kg)

5.29 [3.44; 7.04]

4.27 [3.03; 6.23]

0.100

Android fat mass (kg)

2.12 [1.55; 2.77]

2.55 [1.47; 3.38]

0.143

Gynoid fat mass (kg)

3.21 [2.43; 4.10]

2.89 [2.11; 3.78]

0.122

Android to gynoid fat ratio

0.67 [0.56; 0.77]

0.83 [0.71; 0.93]

< 0.001**

Lumbar BMD (g/cm2)

1.05 [0.90; 1.17]

1.18 [1.06; 1.30]

0.001*

Left femoral neck BMD (g/cm2)

0.86 [0.76; 0.94]

0.94 [0.87; 1.06]

< 0.001**

Right femoral neck BMD (g/cm2)

0.88 [0.77; 0.92]

0.96 [0.88; 1.07]

< 0.001**

Skinfold measurement

   

Chest SF (mm)

5.0 [4.0; 6.4]

5.5 [4.5; 7.0]

0.113

Tricep SF (mm)

20.5 [16.5; 23.9]

14 [11; 22.3]

0.004*

Midaxillary SF (mm)

19.1 [15.8; 24.0]

16.8 [13.0; 22.0]

0.105

Subscapular SF (mm)

19.3 [15.5; 22.9]

18.0 [16.0; 23.0]

0.920

Suprailiac SF (mm)

19.8 [16.1; 24.0]

17.0 [13.5; 21.8]

0.044*

Abdominal SF (mm)

24.0 [19.5; 28.3]

24.0 [18.0; 29.5]

0.725

Android SF (mm)

43.0 [35.1; 53.0]

41.0 [29.0; 52.5]

0.422

Thigh SF (mm)

19.3 [13.6; 25.9]

13.0 [9.0; 17.0]

0.001*

Thigh to android SF ratio

0.45 [0.34; 0.56]

0.32 [0.26; 0.38]

<0.001**

Osteopenia % (n)

40% (24)

44.2% (19)

0.671

Osteoporosis % (n)

28.3% (17)

16.3% (7)

0.154

  1. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and are presented as median values and [quartiles]; Categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test and are presented as percentages (number). Abbreviations: DXA, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; SF, skinfold. Android skinfold was referred as the sum of abdominal and suprailiac skinfold thickness. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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