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Table 5 Association between PA variables and the risk of incident elevated blood pressure

From: Longitudinal associations between physical activity and five risk factors of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany

No. with incident elevated BP (N = 185, 62.3%)

 

No. at risk (N = 297)

No. incident elevated BP (% of No. at risk)

Model 1 adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Model 2 adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Habitual PA level at baseline [min/week]

 Low (< 75)

14

8 (2.7)

ref

 

ref

 

 Medium (75–149)

74

44 (14.8)

1.23 (0.58–2.62)

0.597

1.00 (0.42–2.40)

0.995

 High (≥ 150)

209

133 (44.8)

1.23 (0.59–2.54)

0.583

1.056 (0.46–2.45)

0.899

Sports-related PA level at baseline [min/week]

 Low (< 75)

162

98 (33.0)

ref

 

ref

 

 Medium (75–149)

72

45 (15.2)

1.09 (0.75–1.57)

0.652

1.11 (0.75–1.65)

0.607

 High (≥ 150)

63

42 (14.1)

1.30 (0.90–1.88)

0.163

1.40 (0.94–2.09)

0.098

Sports-related intensity level at baseline [METh/week] {1}

 Not intensively active (< 8.3)

169

95 (32.0)

ref

 

ref

 

 Moderately intensively active (8.3–16.5)

63

45 (15.2)

1.34 (0.93–1.92)

0.118

1.26 (0.86–1.85)

0.241

 Highly intensively active (≥ 16.6)

64

45 (15.2)

1.42 (0.99–2.03)

0.058

1.49 (1.01–2.20)

0.044

Change in sports-related PA over time [min/week] {12}

 Stable inactive (< 150– < 150)

171

102 (34.3)

ref

 

ref

 

 Quits activity (≥ 150– < 150)

26

20 (6.7)

1.65 (1.01–2.69)

0.046

1.68 (1.01–2.80)

0.046

 Starts activity (< 150– ≥ 150)

59

38 (12.8)

0.75 (0.51–1.10)

0.142

0.69 (0.45–1.06)

0.090

 Stable active (≥ 150– ≥ 150)

29

18 (6.1)

0.92 (0.55–1.53)

0.737

0.92 (0.52–1.63)

0.775

Change in sports-related intensity level over time [METh/week] {3}

 Stable low (< 16.6– < 16.6)

176

103 (34.7)

ref

 

ref

 

 Decreasing (≥ 16.6– < 16.6)

30

22 (7.4)

1.47 (0.92–2.34)

0.106

1.52 (0.92–2.50)

0.101

 Increasing (< 16.6– ≥ 16.6)

55

36 (12.1)

0.74 (0.50–1.10)

0.137

0.74 (0.49–1.13)

0.158

 Stable high (≥ 16.6– ≥ 16.6)

33

23 (7.7)

1.03 (0.65–1.63)

0.904

1.11 (0.68–1.81)

0.668

  1. BP blood pressure, CI confidence interval, METh metabolic equivalent hours, min minutes, N number of participants, No. Number, PA physical activity, ref reference group, SES socio-economic status. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and SES; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, SES, and comorbidities with regard to MetS risk factors at study entry. {} indicates number of N missing. Significant values (p < 0.05) are in [bold]; significant values after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing are indicated by [*]
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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