Table 1 Variables of survivors vs. nonsurvivors among patients with T1D and rDKA

Number of DKA hospitalizations

1 (1–2)

3 (2–4)

< 0.001 ¹

Age at DKA presentation (years)

24 (16–34)

36 (25–47)

< 0.001 ¹

Diabetes duration (years)

4 (0–10)

15 (6–20.2)

< 0.001 ²

Bicarbonate level (mEq/L)

7.3 (3.6–11)

10.4 (7.3–12.1)

0.003 ¹

Serum urea (mg/dL)

39 (26–55)

81.5 (50.25 − 105.5)

< 0.001 ²

HbA1c (%)

11.9 (10.12–13.47)

10.3 (8.7–12.5)

0.138 ³

HbA1c (mmol-mol)

107 (87–123)

89 (72–113)

**

C-peptide (ng/mL)

0.2 (0.01–0.62)

0.01 (0.01–0.05)

0.004 ²

Retinopathy

58 (35.2%)

32 (86.5%)

< 0.001⁴

Mood disorders

82 (47.7%)

28 (80.0%)

0.001⁴

Neuropathy

36 (22.5%)

30 (83.3%)

< 0.001⁴

Nephropathy

35 (21.9%)

29 (78.4%)

< 0.001⁴

Statin use

20 (12.1%)

14 (37.8%)

< 0.001⁴

Antidepressant use

37 (22.2%)

20 (54.1%)

< 0.001⁴