Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study groups at baseline

Women, n (%)

255 (63)

407

30 (54)

56

Age, mean ± SD, years

40 ± 13

407

43 ± 12

56

GAF symptom, mean ± SD

61 ± 10

402

89 ± 7

56

GAF function, mean ± SD

63 ± 10

402

89 ± 6

56

Smoking

366

56

Non-smoker, n (%)

317 (86.6)

47 (83.9)

Light smoker (< 10 cigarettes per day), n (%)

18 (4.9)

7 (12.5)

Moderate smoker (10–19 cigarettes per day), n (%)

17 (4.6)

2 (3.6)

Heavy smoker (≥ 20 cigarettes per day), n (%)

14 (3.8)

0

> 12 y of education, n (%)

183 (46)

397

32 (57)

56

Working more than 50%, n (%)

240 (60)

399

53 (96)

55

Somatic comorbidity

Hypertension, n (%)

23 (5.7)

406

0

56

Angina pectoris, n (%)

0

406

0

56

Myocardial infarction, n (%)

0

406

0

56

Other heart problems, n (%)

0

406

0

56

Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)

1 (0.2)

406

0

56

Migraine, n (%)

13 (3.2)

406

1 (1.8)

56

Diabetes mellitus type II, n (%)

6 (1.5)

406

0

56

Diabetes mellitus type I, n (%)

3 (0.7)

406

0

56

Hypothyroidism, n (%)

69 (17.0)

406

0

56

Hyperthyroidism, n (%)

1 (0.2)

406

0

56

Disease duration, median (25–75 percentiles), years

20 (13–30)

406

Age at first treatment with psychotropics, mean ± SD, years

28 ± 11

222

Bipolar subtype, n (%)

407

Bipolar I disorder

130 (32)

Bipolar II disorder

226 (55)

Bipolar disorder non-otherwise specified (NOS)

36 (9)

Cyclothymia

15 (4)

Prescribed psychotropics, n (%)

278

Lithium

128 (46)

Valproate

11 (4)

Lamotrigine

123 (44)

Antidepressants

155 (56)

First and second-generation antipsychotics

97 (35)

Central stimulants

7 (3)