Does hyperglycemia affect arginine metabolites in critically ill patients? A prospective cohort and in vitro study

Table 1 Demographics, glycemia and arginine metabolite concentrations of critically ill patients who survived and died

Characteristic	Survivors	Deceased	p-value
Number	992	163
Age (years)	61 ± 18	70 ± 15	< 0.001
Male sex (%)	56	58	0.671
Surgical admission (%)	34	16	< 0.001
Glucose (mmol/L)	7.4 (6.0–9.4)	8.9 (6.5–12.4)	< 0.001
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol)	5.7 (5.4–6.5) 38.8 (35.5–47.5)	5.8 (5.3–6.3) 39.9 (34.4–45.6)	0.273
SHR	1.10 (0.89–1.35)	1.34 (1.02–1.84)	< 0.001
EGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	67 (38–96)	45 (24–72)	< 0.001
ADMA (µmol/L)	0.54 (0.45–0.66)	0.60 (0.49–0.79)	< 0.001
Arginine (µmol/L)	61.7 (42.9–83.4)	53.8 (32.8–81.7)	0.005
Homoarginine (µmol/L))	0.88 (0.55–1.36)	0.65 (0.35–1.16)	< 0.001
MMA (nmol/L)	65.0 (50.8–82.6)	76.7 (57.1–106.2)	< 0.001
SDMA (µmol/L)	0.69 (0.51–1.12)	0.85 (0.60–1.45)	< 0.001

Values are mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) if not normally distributed. Comparison between groups used unpaired t-tests for normally distributed variables and a Mann-Whitney U-test if the distribution was not normal
HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; SHR stress hyperglycemia ratio; EGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; ADMA asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine; MMA monomethyl-l-arginine; SDMA symmetric dimethyl-l-arginine

ISSN: 1758-5996