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Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus according to burden scores of metabolic syndrome and its components in young adults

From: Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome in a national population-based cohort of young adults and sex-specific risk for type 2 diabetes

Diagnosis

Score

Number

Cases, n

Follow-up duration (person-years)

Incidence rate

(per 1,000 person-years)

HR (95% CI)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Metabolic syndrome

0

1,064,241

4376

5011133.53

0.8733

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1

160,944

3306

763201.11

4.3318

4.944(4.726,5.173)

5.022(4.792,5.262)

4.972(4.745,5.211)

2

76,096

3293

358396.54

9.1881

10.515(10.05,11.002)

10.652(10.159,11.169)

10.511(10.024,11.022)

3

45,560

3407

212079.85

16.0647

18.442(17.634,19.287)

18.603(17.744,19.503)

18.288(17.442,19.175)

4

29,699

3773

134777.37

27.9943

32.372(30.993,33.813)

32.441(30.97,33.981)

31.749(30.305,33.263)

Elevated fasting glucose

0

814,205

3309

3828987.43

0.8642

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1

332,181

3910

1572459.21

2.4866

2.869(2.74,3.005)

2.728(2.603,2.858)

2.698(2.575,2.826)

2

142,837

4054

674341.6

6.0118

6.943(6.632,7.269)

6.384(6.093,6.689)

6.303(6.015,6.604)

3

62,869

3835

293176.13

13.0809

15.153(14.465,15.875)

13.605(12.972,14.27)

13.464(12.836,14.123)

4

24,448

3047

110624.03

27.5437

32.178(30.633,33.801)

28.298(26.898,29.771)

28.223(26.824,29.694)

Abdominal obesity

0

1,052,860

6047

4979558.84

1.2144

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1

118,690

2102

557438.85

3.7708

3.117(2.966,3.276)

2.968(2.824,3.12)

2.962(2.819,3.114)

2

66,501

1828

309106.22

5.9138

4.911(4.661,5.175)

4.553(4.319,4.8)

4.523(4.291,4.768)

3

56,865

2260

262475.5

8.6103

7.172(6.834,7.527)

6.576(6.263,6.906)

6.513(6.202,6.839)

4

81,624

5918

371008.99

15.9511

13.348(12.878,13.836)

12.082(11.645,12.535)

11.852(11.423,12.297)

Elevated triglycerides

0

744,002

3223

3474839.78

0.9275

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1

241,374

2581

1142530.75

2.259

2.421(2.298,2.549)

2.423(2.298,2.555)

2.402(2.278,2.532)

2

147,727

2680

702536.24

3.8147

4.078(3.875,4.293)

4.067(3.854,4.292)

4.004(3.794,4.226)

3

118,381

3273

564032.95

5.8029

6.196(5.902,6.505)

6.126(5.814,6.454)

5.997(5.691,6.319)

4

125,056

6398

595648.69

10.7412

11.457(10.982,11.952)

11.143(10.63,11.681)

10.807(10.305,11.333)

Reduced HDL cholesterol

0

986,960

8553

4634608.81

1.84546

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1

196,903

3537

932971.36

3.79111

2.045(1.967,2.127)

2.044(1.966,2.126)

2.035(1.956,2.116)

2

93,124

2377

441023.6

5.38973

2.906(2.777,3.041)

2.883(2.755,3.017)

2.873(2.745,3.007)

3

58,350

1885

276531.41

6.81659

3.671(3.492,3.858)

3.6(3.424,3.784)

3.584(3.409,3.768)

4

41,203

1803

194453.22

9.27215

4.995(4.747,5.255)

4.847(4.605,5.1)

4.828(4.588,5.082)

Elevated blood pressure

0

626,411

3465

2931444.39

1.18201

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1

303,329

3273

1431605.16

2.28624

1.927(1.837,2.021)

1.815(1.728,1.907)

1.802(1.715,1.893)

2

198,518

3396

939564.42

3.61444

3.042(2.901,3.19)

2.798(2.661,2.941)

2.762(2.627,2.904)

3

140,181

3488

664791.39

5.24676

4.411(4.209,4.624)

3.98(3.785,4.185)

3.92(3.728,4.122)

4

108,101

4533

512183.05

8.85035

7.437(7.116,7.774)

6.478(6.175,6.796)

6.398(6.098,6.713)

  1. Model 1 was crude. Model 2 was adjusted for sex and age. Model 3 was adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity