Table 2 Multiple adjusted hazard ratio of diabetes by basal skeletal muscle mass index and its change among subjects with normal glucose tolerance or impaired glucose regulation

Total (n = 1275)

 Basal skeletal muscle mass index

142

2421

0.98 (0.93–1.04)

0.98 (0.89–1.09)

⊿ Skeletal muscle mass index categories

 < –8%

21

227

2.45 (1.42–4.23)^a

2.65 (1.52–4.62)^a

 − 8% to < − 2%

44

721

1.05 (0.69–1.62)^a

1.12 (0.72–1.72)^a

 − 2% to < 2%

42

698

Reference

Reference

 ≥ 2%

35

775

0.59 (0.38–0.93)^a

0.60 (0.38–0.94)^a

Continuous ⊿ skeletal muscle mass index

142

2421

0.81 (0.74–0.88)^a

0.79 (0.72–0.87)^a

Normal glucose tolerance (n = 868)

 Basal skeletal muscle mass index

53

1647

1.03 (0.94–1.13)

1.15 (0.98–1.34)

⊿ Skeletal muscle mass index categories

 < − 8%

10

146

2.64 (1.17–5.93)^a

2.58 (1.12–5.96)^a

 − 8% to < − 2%

16

512

0.81 (0.40–1.61)^a

0.79 (0.39–1.60)^a

 − 2% to < 2%

17

475

Reference

Reference

 ≥ 2%

10

514

0.37 (0.17–0.83)^a

0.37 (0.17–0.82)^a

Continuous ⊿ skeletal muscle mass index

53

1647

0.75 (0.65–0.88)^a

0.76 (0.65–0.89)^a

Impaired glucose regulation (n = 407)

 Basal skeletal muscle mass index

89

774

0.95 (0.87–1.03)

0.85 (0.74–0.98)

⊿ Skeletal muscle mass index categories

 < − 8%

11

80

1.90 (0.89–4.05)^a

2.44 (1.11–5.35)^a

 − 8% to < − 2%

28

210

1.38 (0.79–2.41)^a

1.64 (0.92–2.92)^a

 − 2% to < 2%

25

223

Reference

Reference

 ≥ 2%

25

261

0.78 (0.44–1.38)^a

0.78 (0.43–1.40)^a

Continuous ⊿ skeletal muscle mass index

89

774

0.85 (0.76–0.96)^a

0.81 (0.71–0.91)^a