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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

From: Protective and risk factors of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the PR-IAH study

Variables

Control group

(n = 233)

IAH group

(n = 55)

P-value

Age, years

Male sex, %

Diabetes duration, years

BMI, kg/m2

HbA1c, %

49.9 (14.5)

36.5

17.6 (11.0)

23.4 (3.5)

7.7 (0.9)

52.8 (15.1)

36.4

17.6 (11.8)

22.9 (4.4)

7.5 (1.0)

0.179

> 0.999

0.998

0.355

0.130

Diabetic complication

   

Retinopathy, %

   

NDR/SDR/PPDR/PDR

Photocoagulation

Nephropathy, %

75.0/16.1/4.9/4.0

10.3

79.6/12.2/2.0/6.1

12.7

0.681

0.629

1st/2nd/3rd/4th/5th stage

81.0/13.4/3.4/0.4/1.7

85.2/14.8/0/0/0

0.673

Peripheral neuropathy, %

Severe hypoglycemia, %

12.0

3.4

26.5

30.9

0.014*

< 0.001*

Treatment

   

CSII, %

CGM usage, %

isCGM, %

rtCGM, %

TDD/BW, U/kg

Antihypertensive drug, %

Cholesterol-lowering drug, %

Mecobalamin, %

39.5

56.2

32.2

24.0

0.6 (0.2)

23.2

26.6

2.6

23.6

56.4

36.4

20.0

0.6 (0.2)

20.0

25.5

9.1

0.030*

> 0.999

0.633

0.597

0.090

0.721

> 0.999

0.039*

ECG

   

QTc (Bazett’s formula), ms

> 440 ms, %

CV-RR, %

< 3%, %

416.4 (27.8)

14.3

3.5 (1.7)

48.6

414.2 (23.1)

14.3

3.1 (1.4)

50.0

0.697

> 0.999

0.344

> 0.999

  1. Mean(SD) or  %. *P-value < 0.05
  2. BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; NDR, no diabetic retinopathy; SDR, simple diabetic retinopathy; PPDR, pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; isCGM, intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring; rtCGM, real-time CGM; TDD, total daily dose; BW, body weight; ECG, electrocardiogram; QTc, corrected QT interval; CV-RR, coefficient of variance of the heart rate variation