Table 1 Study population characteristics according to sex
|  | Women (n = 509) | Men (n = 991) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 54.12 (11.167) | 46.34 (12.347) |  < 0.001 |
DD, years | 6.49 (6.603) | 5.05 (6.238) | < 0.001 |
Smoking, n (%) | 39 (7.7%) | 376 (37.9%) |  < 0.001 |
Drinking, n (%) | 43 (8.4%) | 316 (31.9%) |  < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 225 (44.2%) | 425 (42.9%) | 0.626 |
CVD history, n (%) | 59 (11.6%) | 79 (8.0%) | 0.022 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.38 (4.107) | 26.77 (4.352) | < 0.001 |
Obesity, n (%) | 232 (45.6%) | 616 (62.2%) |  < 0.001 |
CRP, mg/L | 6.4202 (29.579) | 4.3202 (17.0858) | 0.988 |
HbA1C | 8.841 (2.0198) | 8.707 (2.2547) | 0.577 |
FBG, mmol/L | 8.4039 (3.3211) | 8.545 (3.56197) | 0.004 |
Insulin, μU/mL | 7.4977 (8.12538) | 8.2642 (13.382) | 0.516 |
HOMA-IR | 2.72 (3.95) | 2.96 (4.06) | 0.928 |
UA, μmol/L | 258.68 (60.867) | 340.52 (113.668) |  < 0.001 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.732 | 102.72743 (17.411) | 107.5084 (15.968) |  < 0.001 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.6619 (1.091) | 4.5667 (1.278) | 0.019 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.9131 (1.529) | 3.0322 (3.151) |  < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.1762 (0.3219) | 1.0122 (0.280) |  < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.91 (0.944) | 2.63 (1.046) | 0.002 |
MetS, n (%) | 310 (60.9%) | 693 (69.9%) |  < 0.001 |
Serum osteocalcin, ng/mL | 14.6646 (6.495) | 12.6431 (4.224) |  < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 132.54 (19.646) | 134.88 (14.145) | 0.186 |
DBP, mmHg | 79.82 (10.613) | 87.97 (46.707) |  < 0.001 |