Table 1 Survey-weighted baseline characteristics of obese participants (representing 64,916,705 individuals) stratified by ePWV median levels
Variables | Low ePWV (4.78–7.87 m/s) n = 4157 | High ePWV (7.87–16.26 m/s) n = 4158 | P-value | Variables | Low ePWV (4.78–7.87 m/s) n = 4157 | High ePWV (7.87–16.26 m/s) n = 4158 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Represented size | 35,722,926 | 29,193,779 | Â | No | 2748 (98.61) | 3045 (92.58) | Â |
BMI (kg/m2) | 35.72 (0.12) | 35.88 (0.13) | 0.162 | Yes | 42 (1.39) | 265 (7.42) | Â |
PIR | 2.70 (0.05) | 3.05 (0.05) |  < 0.001 | Arthritis |  |  |  < 0.001 |
Waist (cm) | 112.71 (0.29) | 115.64 (0.30) |  < 0.001 | No | 3476 (83.15) | 2151 (52.65) |  |
HB (g/dL) | 14.32 (0.04) | 14.28 (0.04) |  < 0.001 | Yes | 677 (16.85) | 1996 (47.35) |  |
HBA1C (%) | 5.61 (0.02) | 6.09 (0.03) |  < 0.001 | CKD |  |  |  < 0.001 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 106.67 (0.74) | 120.46 (1.62) |  < 0.001 | No | 3547 (91.52) | 2745 (74.66) |  |
AST (U/L) | 26.02 (0.23) | 26.60 (0.34) | 0.017 | Yes | 380 (8.48) | 1224 (26.34) | Â |
ALT (U/L) | 30.53 (0.34) | 27.29 (0.40) |  < 0.001 | DM |  |  |  < 0.001 |
TB (μmol/L) | 11.50 (0.12) | 12.06 (0.13) |  < 0.001 | No | 3396 (88.34) | 2584 (68.05) |  |
Creatinine(μmol/L) | 75.57 (0.47) | 82.69 (0.56) |  < 0.001 | Yes | 561 (11.66) | 1574 (31.95) |  |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.18 (0.01) | 1.27 (0.01) |  < 0.001 | CVD |  |  |  < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.05 (0.02) | 5.14 (0.03) | 0.011 | No | 3397 (96.41) | 2584 (82.89) | Â |
LDL (mmol/L) | 3.06 (0.03) | 2.98 (0.03) |  < 0.001 | Yes | 159 (3.59) | 789 (17.11) |  |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.66 (0.04) | 1.86 (0.05) |  < 0.001 | Hypertension |  |  |  < 0.001 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.60 (0.02) | 0.57 (0.02) | 0.316 | No | 2977 (71.63) | 998 (27.32) | Â |
Age |  |  |  < 0.001 | Yes | 1180 (28.37) | 3160 (72.68) |  |
  < 60 years | 4133 (99.45) | 1745 (51.61) |  | Hyperlipidemia |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  ≥ 60 years | 24 (0.55) | 2413 (48.39) |  | No | 1107 (25.06) | 688 (15.24) |  |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.529 | Yes | 3050 (74.94) | 3470 (84.76) | Â |
  Women | 2293 (51.90) | 2265 (52.89) |  | Antihypertensive medication |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Men | 1864 (48.10) | 1893 (47.11) |  | No | 4000 (96.10) | 3499 (85.31) |  |
Race |  |  |  < 0.001 | Yes | 157 (3.90) | 656 (14.69) |  |
  Non-Hispanic white | 1591 (59.61) | 1736 (70.27) |  | Diabetes medications |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Non-Hispanic black | 1079 (15.76) | 1223 (15.29) |  | No | 3846 (93.21) | 3113 (79.13) |  |
  Mexican American | 842 (13.04) | 681(6.94) |  | Yes | 311 (6.79) | 1042 (20.87) |  |
  Other races | 645 (11.59) | 518 (7.50) |  | Alcohol user |  |  |  < 0.001 |
Education Levels |  |  |  < 0.001 | Never | 501 (9.82) | 636 (12.46) |  |
  Less than 9th grade | 315 (4.79) | 604 (7.42) |  | Former | 552 (13.02) | 1081(22.74) |  |
  9-11th grade/high school grade or equivalent | 1691 (37.50) | 1725 (39.59) |  | Mild/moderate | 1034 (27.26) | 1229 (34.12) |  |
  College graduate or above | 2146 (57.71) | 1827 (52.99) |  | Heavy | 1714 (42.76) | 958 (25.26) |  |
Marital Status |  |  |  < 0.001 | Refused/Don't know | 356 (7.14) | 254 (5.41) |  |
  Never married | 1128 (24.23) | 363 (8.28) |  | Smoke status |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Married | 2011 (53.09) | 2286 (60.93) |  | Never | 2546 (59.81) | 2176 (51.76) |  |
  Separated | 163 (2.76) | 156 (2.41) |  | Former | 642 (17.63) | 1376 (34.24) |  |
  Divorced | 362 (9.14) | 640 (14.92) |  | Current | 967 (22.56) | 603 (14.0) |  |
  Widowed | 36 (0.63) | 572 (10.28) |  |  |  |  |  |
  Living with partner/others | 457 (10.13) | 141 (3.19) |  |  |  |  |  |
Asthma | Â | Â | 0.003 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  No | 3404 (81.86) | 3510 (84.63) |  |  |  |  |  |
  Yes | 747 (18.14) | 646 (15.37) |  |  |  |  |  |
Osteoporosis |  |  |  < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |