Is vitamin B12 deficiency a risk factor for gastroparesis in patients with type 2 diabetes?

Table 3 Correlation of GCSI Score, gastric emptying and motility index, with other variables in T2D patients with gastroparesis

Variables	GCSI Score		Gastric emptying		Motility index
Variables	r	P-value	r	P-value	r	P-value
Age/years	0.135	0.18	− 0.125	0.21	− 0.245	0.58
Sex (female)	0.512	0.03*	− 0.614	0.02*	− 0.580	0.03*
T2D Duration	0.617	0.02*	− 0.715	0.01*	− 0.811	0.001*
BMI (kg/m²)	0.511	0.04*	− 0.545	0.03*	− 0.451	0.04*
WC (cm)	0.315	0.30	− 0.289	0.40	− 0.581	0.50
SBP (mm Hg)	0.680	0.02*	− 0.690	0.01*	− 0.582	0.02*
DBP(mm Hg)	0.598	0.04*	− 0.648	0.002*	− 0.521	0.02*
HTN	0.681	0.02*	− 0.692	0.01*	− 0.583	0.02*
Medications	0.135	0.18	− 0.125	0.21	− 0.245	0.58
Retinopathy	0.719	0.001*	− 0.695	0.002*	− 0.711	0.003*
Nephropathy	0.718	0.001*	− 0.689	0.02*	− 0.713	0.003*
Neuropathy	0.602	0.01*	− 0.631	0.003*	− 0.674	0.004*
FPG (mg/dl)	0.582	0.03*	− 0.697	0.02*	− 0.515	0.01*
2 h PPG(mg/dl)	0.112	0.60	− 0.251	0.40	− 0.241	0.10
HbA1c (%)	0.714	0.003*	− 0.805	0.01*	− 0.754	0.02*
TC (mg/dl)	0.036	0.79	− 0.513	0.04*	− 0.571	0.02*
TGs (mg/dl)	0.031	0.82	− 0.580	0.03*	− 0.697	0.02*
LDL-C (mg/dl)	0.258	0.50	− 0.198	0.60	− 0.215	0.70
HDL-C (mg/dl)	− 0.112	0.60	0.254	0.40	0.241	0.10
GCSI Score	–	–	− 0.540	0.69	− 0.028	0.84
Grade of gastroparesis	0.611	0.01*	− 0.628	0.01*	− 0.621	0.01*

*P is significant if ≤ 0.05
T2D type 2 diabetes, GCSI Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HTN hypertension, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 2 h PPG 2 h post prandial plasma glucose, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, TC total cholesterol, TGs triglycerides, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol

ISSN: 1758-5996