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Table 2 Comparisons in clinical parameters between NDFO group and DFO group [n (%), ( ± s), M (P25, P75)]

From: Level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D receptor in diabetic foot ulcer and factor associated with diabetic foot ulcers

Variable

NDFO group

(n = 72)

DFO group

(n = 84)

P value

Sex (male/female)

72(42/30)

84(46/38)

0.654

Age (year)

55.2 ± 11.6

55.8 ± 10.9

0.451

Duration of diabetes (year)

10.8 ± 5.7

13.9 ± 6.8

0.014

Duration of ulcers (week)

5.1 (4.0, 9.3)

6.8 (4.8, 16.2)

0.003

Area of DFU (cm2)

11.5 ± 4.3

10.7 ± 3.9

0.271

Smoking habits

38 (52.8)

42 (50.0)

0.729

Alcohol consumption

23 (31.9)

20 (23.8)

0.854

Mean sunshine time per day (h)

3.2 (1.2, 5.8)

2.1 (1.1, 4.9)

0.025

Winter enrollment

30 (41.7)

39 (46.4)

0.551

Wagner grade

  

 < 0.001

 II

20 (27.8)

0 (0.00)

 

 III

47 (65.3)

61 (72.6)

 

 IV

5 (6.9)

23 (27.4)

 

Severity of infection

  

 < 0.001

 Mild

20 (27.8)

0 (0.00)

 

 Moderate

40 (55.6)

54 (64.3)

 

 Severe

12 (6.6)

30 (35.7)

 

Recurrent DFU

17 (23.6)

34 (40.5)

0.033

Detection rate of drug -resistant bacteria

17 (23.6)

34 (40.5)

0.025

SBP (mm Hg)

121 ± 13

125 ± 15

0.487

DBP (mm Hg)

81 ± 14

83 ± 15

0.679

FPG (mmol/L)

11.2 ± 2.5

12.8 ± 2.8

0.032

HbA1c(%)

8.7 ± 1.5

9.5 ± 1.8

0.024

TG (mmol/L)

1.8 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.9

0.103

TCH (mmol/L)

4.7 ± 0.8

4.5 ± 0.7

0.594

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.7 ± 0.5

2.9 ± 0.6

0.626

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.0 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.3

0.753

PTH (pg/mL)

16.4 (9.7, 28.6)

18.1 (10.9, 39.2)

0.102

Serum ionic calcium (mmol/L)

0.85 ± 0.15

0.87 ± 0.17

0.285

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

83.7 ± 11.9

71.5 ± 12.6

0.042

ALB (g/L)

40.7 ± 8.9

35.7 ± 6.5

0.038

Hb (g /L)

122.8 ± 9.3

104.8 ± 8.6

0.046

TcPO2 (mm Hg)

52.8 ± 8.5

39.1 ± 10.1

0.013

ABI

0.82 ± 0.21

0.65 ± 0.14

0.026

CRP ( mg/dL)

31.7 ± 13.7

62.2 ± 18.5

 < 0.001

WBC (× 109)

10.2 ± 3.6

12.9 ± 3.8

0.002

ESR (mm/h)

36.7 ± 12.8

67.9 ± 17.2

 < 0.001

25(OH)VD (ng/mL)

12.8 (6.9, 22.1)

9.2 (5.2, 20.5)

0.006

VitD status

  

0.007

 Deficiency

43 (59.7)

69 (82.1)

 

 Insufficiency

23 (31.9)

13 (15.5)

 

 Sufficiency

6 (8.4)

2 (2.4)

 

P-IL-6 (pg/ml)

39.2 ± 12.8

51.7 ± 14.5

0.009

P-IL-10 (ng/L)

4.7 ± 1.6

3.1 ± 1.2

0.036

T-IL-6

2.93 (1.54, 4.82)

3.82 (2.07, 6.23)

0.013

T-IL-10

0.72 (0.31, 1.32)

0.48 (0.12, 0.95)

0.036

T-VDR

3.11 (1.36, 5.11)

1.96 (0.61–3.97)

0.004

  1. Data are presented mean ± standard deviations or numbers (%) or median with IQR; Differences between two groups analyzed using t test or nonparametric test (Mann Whitney U)
  2. DFU diabetic foot ulcer, NDFO diabetic foot ulcer without osteomyelitis, DFO diabetic foot osteomyelitis, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP:diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A1c, TG:triacylglycerol, TCH:total cholesterol, LDL-C:low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PTH parathyroid hormone, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ALB serum albumin, Hb haemoglobin, TcPO2 transcutaneous oxygen pressure, ABI ankle brachial index, CRP C-reactive protein, WBC white blood cell, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate;25(OH)VD 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Vit D Vitamin D, IL interleukin, P-IL-6 IL-6 level in peripheral blood, P-IL-10 IL-10 level in peripheral blood, T-IL-6 IL-6 mRNA expression in wound margin tissue, T-IL-10 IL-10 mRNA expression in wound margin tissue, T-VDR vitamin D receptor mRNA expression in wound margin tissue