Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population by GGT quartiles in men and women
GGT quartiles in men | GGT quartiles in women | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (≤ 17) | Q2 (18–27) | Q3 (28–47) | Q4 (≥ 48) | P-value | Q1 (≤ 9) | Q2 (10–12) | Q3 (13–16) | Q4(≥ 17) | P-value | |
n | 803 | 765 | 797 | 765 | 752 | 775 | 622 | 681 | ||
Age (years) | 53.1 (9.3) | 51.4 (8.5) | 50.5 (8.6) | 51.2 (8.9) | < 0.001 | 48.4 (8.0) | 50.3 (8.7) | 50.7 (8.5) | 51.5 (8.6) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 78.9 (6.8) | 80.9 (6.5) | 82.8 (6.4) | 83.2 (6.0) | < 0.001 | 76.5 (7.8) | 76.7 (8.1) | 78.3 (8.9) | 79.7 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 116.7 (15.8) | 117.2 (15.9) | 120.3 (15.7) | 121.1 (16.3) | < 0.001 | 111.7 (14.5) | 113.4 (16.0) | 113.4 (15.6) | 117.2 (18.2) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.9 (10.0) | 78.6 (10.0) | 81.0 (10.5) | 81.8 (10.2) | < 0.001 | 73.3 (9.4) | 74.6 (10.2) | 75.0 (9.9) | 76.9 (10.7) | < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 83.7 (13.9) | 85.7 (16.1) | 86.4 (15.9) | 89.2 (18.8) | < 0.001 | 79.0 (9.3) | 80.8 (8.2) | 82.4 (12.1) | 83.0 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180.5 (31.2) | 189.4 (32.6) | 193.1 (39.0) | 194.9 (34.7) | < 0.001 | 172.6 (28.8) | 185.4 (33.4) | 189.9 (32.9) | 197.4 (33.8) | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 110 (83–139) | 118 (94–148) | 135 (105–176) | 166 (122–237) | < 0.001 | 99 (82–124) | 102 (82–127) | 103 (82–133) | 117 (95–144) | < 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.7 (10.5) | 45.6 (9.4) | 44.7 (9.8) | 44.5 (9.4) | < 0.001 | 50.0 (10.9) | 49.0 (10.1) | 48.8 (10.0) | 47.9 (9.1) | 0.001 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 105.8 (38.9) | 118.6 (31.1) | 118.2 (34.1) | 112.7 (28.5) | < 0.001 | 103.6 (25.6) | 114.7 (30.3) | 117.8 (30.7) | 121.9 (30.5) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.93 (0.16) | 0.95 (0.18) | 0.95 (0.17) | 0.93 1.17) | 0.001 | 0.72 (0.08) | 0.74 (0.11) | 0.75 (0.11) | 0.74 (0.11) | < 0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 26 (23–30) | 26 (23–30) | 28 (25–33) | 34 (29–43) | < 0.001 | 23 (21–26) | 24 (21–27) | 25 (1–28) | 27 (23–32) | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 21 (17–25) | 24 (19–29) | 27 (21–34) | 37 (28–48) | < 0.001 | 16 (14–19) | 17 (15–20) | 19 (15–24) | 24 (18–31) | < 0.001 |
Current smoker (%) | 40.2 | 46.9 | 51.9 | 61.5 | < 0.001 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.7 | < 0.001 |
Regular drinker (%)a | 51.7 | 65.8 | 80.9 | 88.2 | 0.001 | 25.4 | 27.8 | 31.6 | 36.6 | < 0.001 |
Daily alcohol intake (g/day) | 7.1 (2.6–16.8) | 11.8 (3.5–26.1) | 18.1 (6.9–34.7) | 26.1 (12.4–47.2) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (0.7–3.5) | 1.9 (0.7–4.4) | 2.1 (0.9–4.1) | 2.9 (1.0–8.1) | < 0.001 |
Regular exercise (%)b | 29.1 | 28.6 | 27.0 | 26.5 | 0.616 | 26.2 | 23.8 | 23.4 | 21.7 | 0.472 |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 7.6 | 11.5 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 0.050 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 16.0 | 0.010 |
Antihypertensive medication (%) | 9.1 | 16.1 | 13.4 | 16.5 | 0.038 | 3.2 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 14.7 | < 0.001 |
Antidiabetic medication (%) | 8.1 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 6.3 | 0.205 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 0.041 |
Antilipidemic medication (%) | 4.7 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 0.924 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.337 |