Nonrestorative sleep is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in the general Japanese population

Table 3 Associations between NRS and developing MetS

	Model A				Model B
	HR	95% CI	P-value	z	HR	95% CI	P-value	z
NRS	1.14	1.10–1.18	< 0.001	7.2	1.12	1.08–1.16	< 0.001	6.5

Model A: Adjusted for age and sex
Model B: Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, skipping breakfast, and non-regular exercise
HRs and P-values were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model
MetS: waist circumference of ≥ 85 cm in men and ≥ 90 cm in women, and two or more of the following: (1) blood pressure of ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication; (2) TG level of ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-C level of < 40 mg/dL, or use of antilipidemic medication; and (3) glucose level of ≥ 110 mg/dL or use of hypoglycemic medication
CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NRS, nonrestorative sleep; TG, triglyceride

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