Table 1 Baseline characteristics
From: Nonrestorative sleep is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in the general Japanese population
|  | Participants free from MetS (N = 83,224) | Participants free from obesity (N = 71,546) | Participants free from hypertension (N = 73,437) | Participants free from diabetes (N = 90,990) | Participants free from dyslipidemia (N = 50,010) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NRS | 34,483 | 41.4 | 29,603 | 41.4 | 32,250 | 43.9 | 39,277 | 43.2 | 21,224 | 42.4 |
Age (years) | 51.5 | 44.5–58.5 | 52.0 | 44.7–58.9 | 49.7 | 43.8––57.0 | 51.3 | 44.4–58.2 | 50.2 | 43.9–57.8 |
Male sex | 54,962 | 66.0 | 46,321 | 64.7 | 49,284 | 67.1 | 64,309 | 70.7 | 32,721 | 65.4 |
BMI | 22.7 | 20.8–24.6 | 22.1 | 20.5–23.5 | 22.8 | 20.8–25.0 | 23.3 | 21.2–25.4 | 22.4 | 20.4–24.5 |
Hypertension | 18,418 | 22.1 | 16,103 | 22.5 | – | – | 24,644 | 27.1 | 11,511 | 23.0 |
Diabetes | 4117 | 4.9 | 3915 | 5.5 | 3944 | 5.4 | – | – | 2591 | 5.2 |
Dyslipidemia | 37,198 | 44.7 | 31,760 | 44.4 | 34,933 | 47.6 | 45,879 | 50.4 | – | – |
Skipping breakfast | 12,654 | 15.2 | 10,800 | 15.1 | 12,222 | 16.6 | 14,709 | 16.2 | 7296 | 14.6 |
Low physical activity | 62,688 | 75.3 | 53,868 | 75.3 | 56,242 | 76.6 | 69,619 | 76.5 | 37,683 | 75.4 |
Current smoking | 21,422 | 25.7 | 18,771 | 26.2 | 20,517 | 27.9 | 24,954 | 27.4 | 12,445 | 24.9 |
Heavy alcohol drinking | 10,308 | 12.4 | 8,997 | 12.6 | 8,617 | 11.7 | 12,645 | 13.9 | 6,657 | 13.3 |