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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants by CKD status

From: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor associated with kidney function

 

CKD (−) (n = 393)

CKD ( +) (n = 87)

P

Age (years)

58 (11)

69 (11)

 < 0.001

Male (n, %)

323 (82.2)

70 (80.5)

0.700

Current smoker (n, %)

163 (41.5)

44 (50.6)

0.120

BMI (kg/m2)

26.2 (3.8)

25.4 (3.0)

0.068

Hypertension (n, %)

252 (64)

72 (83)

 < 0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

126 (18)

132 (18)

0.002

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

74 (11)

73 (10)

0.100

Fasting BDNF (ng/mL)

25.2 (8.8)

21.1 (7.4)

 < 0.001

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.3 (0.7)

5.3 (1.0)

0.990

Fasting insulin (μIU/mL)

12.1 (14.1)

11.2 (7.7)

0.560

HOMA-IR

3.0 (4.3)

2.7 (2.1)

0.600

 OGTT at 30 min

 BDNF (ng/mL)

19.9 (9.2)

18.2 (8.6)

0.120

 Glucose (mmol/L)

9.3 (1.6)

9.1 (1.6)

0.430

 Insulin (μIU/mL)

79.0 (80.9)

71.8 (49.9)

0.430

OGTT at 120 min

 BDNF (ng/mL)

17.9 (7.6)

15.4 (6.0)

0.004

 Glucose (mmol/L)

8.1 (2.6)

8.7 (2.7)

0.052

 Insulin (μIU/mL)

81.9 (80.8)

88.4 (68.6)

0.480

AUC during OGTT

 BDNF (ng/mL) × hr

39.6 (13.8)

35.0 (11.6)

0.004

 Glucose (mmol/L) × hr

16.7 (3.1)

17.0 (3.1)

0.400

 Insulin (μIU/mL) × hr

143.5 (127.8)

141.0 (83.9)

0.860

HbA1c (%)

5.8 (0.6)

5.9 (0.6)

0.580

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

84.1 (15.6)

47.3 (11.9)

 < 0.001

Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/g)

28.0 (97.7)

57.4 (146.6)

0.076

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

2.2 (2.2)

3.3 (3.0)

 < 0.001

Lipid profile

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.4 (1.0)

4.3 (0.9)

0.590

 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.2 (0.3)

1.2 (0.3)

0.480

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.5 (0.8)

1.5 (0.9)

0.740

Antiplatelet drugs (n, %)

374 (95.2)

82 (94.3)

0.720

Antihypertensive drugs (n, %)

338 (86.0)

78 (89.7)

0.360

 ACEI or ARB

220 (56.0)

49 (56.3)

0.950

 α-blocker

17 (4.3)

6 (6.9)

0.310

 β-blocker

116 (29.5)

28 (32.2)

0.620

 CCB

198 (50.4)

50 (57.5)

0.230

 Diuretics

59 (15.0)

20 (23.0)

0.069

  1. Continuous data are expressed as the mean (standard deviation). Categorical data are expressed as the number (percentage)
  2. ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, AUC area under the curve, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BMI body mass index, CCB calcium channel blocker, CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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