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Table 2 Changes in biochemical parameters after treatment from baseline to week 24

From: Effect of olmesartan and amlodipine on serum angiotensin-(1–7) levels and kidney and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension

 

Olmesartan (N = 36)

Amlodipine (N = 35)

 
 

Baseline

Week 24

Change

*P

Baseline

Week 24

Change

*P

†P

Systolic BP, mmHg

156.9 ± 15.8

135.6 ± 18.2

 − 21.3 ± 19.5

 < 0.001

153.6 ± 12.2

135.6 ± 11.3

 − 18.0 ± 11.5

 < 0.001

0.395

Diastolic BP, mmHg

90.7 ± 14.0

78.6 ± 14.1

 − 12.0 ± 14.0

 < 0.001

90.0 ± 10.6

81.3 ± 10.6

 − 8.7 ± 11.3

 < 0.001

0.273

Heart rate, beats/min

84.9 ± 11.9

86.7 ± 14.4

1.8 ± 10.5

0.325

85.3 ± 13.3

84.1 ± 12.7

 − 1.3 ± 8.5

0.390

0.191

Body mass index, kg/m2

26.1 ± 3.6

26.1 ± 3.6

 − 0.1 ± 1.0

0.621

26.7 ± 3.5

26.5 ± 3.4

 − 0.2 ± 0.6

0.073

0.625

Body fat percentile, %

30.0 ± 5.5

29.6 ± 5.2

 − 0.4 ± 2.1

0.233

28.9 ± 5.3

28.9 ± 5.4

 − 0.1 ± 1.5

0.845

0.392

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

182.4 ± 42.6

174.5 ± 44.7

 − 7.9 ± 33.7

0.171

173.3 ± 47.5

169.3 ± 37.0

 − 4.0 ± 30.6

0.445

0.615

Triglyceridea, mg/dL

119.0 (97.3–207.0)

132.5 (74.5–261.3)

8.0 (–37.8–58.8)

0.845

164.0 (109.0–233.0)

127.0 (110.0–206.0)

 − 11.0 (− 59.0–37.0)

0.170

0.245

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

50.6 ± 10.7

49.7 ± 11.2

 − 0.9 ± 6.9

0.416

51.4 ± 13.6

51.3 ± 14.7

 − 0.1 ± 9.2

0.956

0.657

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

111.3 ± 30.0

101.9 ± 33.1

 − 9.4 ± 22.4

0.016

101.8 ± 32.1

100.4 ± 31.6

 − 1.4 ± 22.9

0.725

0.138

Fasting glucose, mg/dL

144.9 ± 41.2

142.5 ± 40.7

 − 2.4 ± 45.1

0.749

159.0 ± 42.3

168.6 ± 54.2

9.6 ± 48.4

0.249

0.282

PP2, mg/dL

253.9 ± 62.4

243.1 ± 74.0

 − 10.8 ± 90.7

0.478

235.8 ± 63.3

265.0 ± 83.2

29.2 ± 81.3

0.041

0.055

HbA1c, %

7.3 ± 1.2

7.4 ± 1.3

0.1 ± 0.7

0.437

7.2 ± 0.7

7.6 ± 1.3

0.3 ± 1.1

0.075

0.279

Insulin, μIU/mL

8.9 ± 5.2

9.6 ± 4.5

0.7 ± 3.9

0.273

9.9 ± 5.3

9.9 ± 5.3

0.0 ± 2.2

0.988

0.341

HOMA-IRa

2.6 (1.9–5.0)

3.1 (1.8–4.2)

0.4 (–1.5–0.7)

0.189

3.2 (2.7–4.3)

3.4 (2.5–5.1)

0.2 (–1.0–0.7)

0.394

0.420

HOMA-β

49.2 ± 40.8

53.8 ± 39.2

4.6 ± 39.9

0.497

52.3 ± 59.8

45.1 ± 43.7

 − 7.2 ± 34.3

0.223

0.188

AST, IU/L

32.0 ± 14.8

29.5 ± 12.0

 − 2.5 ± 10.8

0.174

35.0 ± 19.1

34.1 ± 17.7

 − 0.9 ± 15.0

0.738

0.598

ALT, IU/L

35.4 ± 22.9

35.2 ± 24.3

 − 0.2 ± 18.0

0.941

41.4 ± 23.8

48.5 ± 32.1

7.1 ± 21.3

0.056

0.121

Na, mEq/L

140.3 ± 1.8

139.8 ± 2.0

 − 0.5 ± 1.9

0.113

140.3 ± 1.9

140.4 ± 2.0

0.1 ± 1.7

0.761

0.158

K, mEq/L

4.3 ± 0.4

4.5 ± 0.4

0.2 ± 0.4

0.008

4.5 ± 0.3

4.5 ± 0.3

0.1 ± 0.3

0.241

0.005

Cl, mEq/L

102.8 ± 2.6

102.7 ± 2.7

 − 0.1 ± 2.6

0.748

102.8 ± 2.0

102.4 ± 2.1

-0.4 ± 1.9

0.198

0.593

eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2

94.4 ± 22.5

95.6 ± 27.1

1.2 ± 16.8

0.671

100.5 ± 18.0

101.5 ± 17.5

1.0 ± 17.6

0.738

0.962

UACRa, mg/g

29.5 (10.2–84.4)

19.6 (8.9–44.0)

 − 3.9 (− 37.1–2.1)

0.005

35.0 (11.1–157.4)

26.7 (10.0–206.4)

–1.6 (–4.3–22.6)

0.155

0.002

UPCRa, mg/g

109.8 (76.9–249.9)

113.5 (67.7–152.2)

3.0 (− 54.0–38.4)

0.249

120.6 (93.4–292.3)

133.9 (88.3–353.1)

4.8 (–3.64–14.4)

0.142

0.047

hsCRPa, mg/dL

0.05 (0.03–0.13)

0.06 (0.03–0.11)

0.00 (–0.02–0.02)

0.621

0.06 (0.04–0.12)

0.06 (0.04–0.12)

0.00 (–0.02–0.01)

0.473

0.436

Renin-angiotensin system

 Ang-(1–7)a, pg/mL

14.7 (5.1–30.8)

30.3 (15.2–51.7)

10.7 (0.2–22.3)

 < 0.001

18.8 (13.4–29.6)

26.7 (13.7–38.1)

3.3 (− 4.3–16.3)

0.212

0.010

 ACE2, ng/mL

6.31 ± 0.42

6.74 ± 0.39

0.43 ± 0.32

 < 0.001

6.43 ± 0.23

6.61 ± 0.42

0.18 ± 0.34

0.003

0.002

 PRAa, ng/ml/hr

0.8 (0.5–1.7)

4.2 (1.6–8.7)

2.7 (0.3–6.8)

 < 0.001

1.2 (0.6–1.9)

1.4 (0.9–2.5)

0.6 (–0.4–0.8)

0.089

 < 0.001

 Aldosterone, ng/dL

18.0 ± 7.8

13.5 ± 7.2

 − 4.5 ± 7.7

0.001

17.9 ± 6.0

19.0 ± 8.7

1.0 ± 7.0

0.388

0.002

Vascular function

 FMD baseline (mm)

4.8 ± 0.6

4.7 ± 0.6

 − 0.1 ± 0.4

0.485

5.0 ± 0.7

5.0 ± 0.7

–0.0 ± 0.4

0.547

0.897

 FMD after 1 min (mm)

5.2 ± 0.6

5.2 ± 0.7

 − 0.1 ± 0.5

0.744

5.4 ± 0.7

5.4 ± 0.7

–0.1 ± 0.4

0.224

0.919

 FMD change (%)

9.7 ± 5.2

10.3 ± 7.5

0.6 ± 5.7

0.519

9.2 ± 4.2

8.5 ± 4.1

–0.7 ± 5.5

0.442

0.317

 PORH baseline (PU)

17.4 ± 7.5

19.5 ± 9.4

2.1 ± 10.4

0.234

17.4 ± 7.4

19.6 ± 7.7

2.2 ± 10.7

0.240

0.981

 PORH after 1 min (PU)

56.7 ± 20.2

61.4 ± 31.9

4.6 ± 28.3

0.332

62.1 ± 21.4

58.8 ± 33.9

–3.3 ± 35.2

0.583

0.298

 PORH changea (%)

223.2 (107.1–366.8)

191.9 (122.1–343.6)

–19.5 (–205.1–92.5)

0.726

261.3 (175.8–359.7)

177.5 (105.3–253.4)

–75.2 (–146.3–46.3)

0.026

0.189

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (25–75th percentile). aLog-transformed values were used for comparison. *P values were calculated using a paired t test between the values at the baseline and after treatment. †P values were calculated using Student’s t test for delta changes between the two groups
  2. PP2, postprandial 2-h glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; UPCR, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PRA, plasma renin activity; ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; FMD, flow-mediated vasodilation; PORH, postocclusive reactive hyperemia; PU, perfusion unit
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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