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Table 4 Intervention effect, i.e., the difference in change in HRQoL-scores from baseline to follow-up between the intervention and control group, at 3 months and 6 months

From: The effect of the smartphone app DiaCert on health related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized controlled trial

RAND-36 health concepts scores

3 monthsa

6 monthsa

p for trenda

Intervention effect

(95% CI)

Intervention effect

(95% CI)

Physical functioning

− 3.1

(− 8.7 to 2.5)

1.6

(− 4.3 to 7.4)

0.28

Social functioning

− 5.9

(− 12.8 to 1.0)

− 5.3

(− 12.6 to 1.9)

0.19

Role physical

− 16.9

(− 28.5 to − 5.4)

− 3.9

(− 16.0 to 8.2)

0.01

Role emotional

− 13.9

(− 25.8 to − 2.1)

− 10.8

(− 23.2 to 1.5)

0.05

Emotional well-being

− 5.7

(− 10.4 to − 1.0)

− 3.4

(− 8.3 to 1.6)

0.06

Energy/Fatigue

− 3.4

(− 8.2 to 1.5)

− 1.5

(− 6.6 to 3.6)

0.40

Pain

− 0.2

(− 7.4 to 7.1)

− 1.6

(− 9.2 to 6.0)

0.90

General health

1.0

(− 3.3 to 5.3)

− 0.8

(− 5.3 to 3.7)

0.74

Health change

− 5.0

(− 12.5 to 2.5)

0.9

(− 6.9 to 8.8)

0.28

  1. aCalculated using generalized estimating equation