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Table 3 The mean differences in HRQoL-scores (control group—intervention group) at 3 months and 6 months

From: The effect of the smartphone app DiaCert on health related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized controlled trial

RAND-36 health concepts scores

3 monthsa

6 monthsa

p for trenda

Mean difference

(95% CI)

Mean difference

(95% CI)

Physical functioning

− 4.7

(− 11.6 to 2.3)

− 0.0

(− 7.2 to 7.2)

0.28

Social functioning

− 0.2

(− 7.4 to 7.1)

0.4

(− 7.2 to 7.9)

0.19

Role physical

− 14.8

(− 26.5 to − 3.1)

− 1.8

(− 14.0 to 10.5)

0.01

Role emotional

− 10.8

(− 22.3 to 0.7)

− 7.7

(− 19.8 to 4.3)

0.05

Emotional well-being

− 0.1

(− 6.1 to 5.9)

2.2

(− 4.0 to 8.4)

0.06

Energy/Fatigue

3.1

(− 3.3 to 9.4)

4.9

(− 1.6 to 11.5)

0.40

Pain

3.7

(− 4.6 to 12.1)

2.3

(− 6.3 to 11.0)

0.90

General health

1.6

(− 5.1 to 8.3)

− 0.2

(− 7.1 to 6.6)

0.74

Health change

− 0.52

(− 7.6 to 6.6)

5.4

(− 2.1 to 12.9)

0.28

  1. aCalculated using generalized estimating equation