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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by intervention group and control group

From: The effect of the smartphone app DiaCert on health related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized controlled trial

Variable

All (n = 166)

Intervention group (n = 83)

Control group (n = 83)

pa

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

BMI (kg/m2)

30.3 (5.4)

30.1 (5.7)

30.4 (5.2)

0.60

Waist circumference (cm)

 All

107.0 (15.1)

106.6 (15.6)

107.4 (14.7)

0.55

 Male

109.7 (14.9)

109.9 (16.3)

109.6 (13.6)

0.74

 Female

101.9 (14.3)

101.0 (12.6)

102.9 (16.1)

0.95

 HbA1c

53.2 (12.5)

53.7 (13.2)

52.7 (11.8)

0.93

RAND-36 health concepts scores

 Physical functioning

80.2 (20.5)

80.9 (19.6)

79.5 (21.4)

0.71

 Social functioning

80.6 (24.0)

77.6 (25.4)

83.5 (22.2)

0.13

 Role physical

76.0 (36.9)

74.9 (36.5)

77.1 (37.5)

0.52

 Role emotional

76.7 (37.6)

75.0 (37.7)

78.3 (37.7)

0.42

 Emotional well-being

72.9 (20.4)

70.2 (22.1)

75.8 (18.2)

0.12

 Energy/Fatigue

61.6 (21.3)

58.4 (21.2)

64.9 (21.0)

0.04

 Pain

71.8 (27.6)

69.8 (27.3)

73.9 (28.0)

0.24

 General health

59.0 (22.6)

58.7 (21.9)

59.2 (23.5)

0.75

 Health change

54.8 (22.6)

52.8 (24.0)

56.9 (21.0)

0.40

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Male

108 (65)

52 (63)

56 (67)

0.52

Age

   

0.09

  < 50 years

32 (19)

19 (23)

13 (16)

 

 50–59 years

43 (26)

25 (30)

18 (22)

 

 60–69 years

57 (34)

28 (34)

29 (35)

 

  > 70 years

34 (21)

11 (13)

23 (28)

 

Smoking status

   

0.29

 Never

76 (46)

42 (51)

34 (41)

 

 Former

68 (41)

29 (35)

39 (47)

 

 Current

20 (12)

11 (13)

9 (11)

 

 Missing

2

1 (1)

1 (1)

 

Educational level

   

0.35

  ≤ 12 years

85 (51)

43 (52)

42 (51)

 

  > 12 years

79 (48)

38 (46)

41 (49)

 

 Missing

2

2 (2)

0 (0)

 
  1. aMann-Whitney test or Chi-square test