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Table 3 Adjusted* associations of selected population and clinical characteristics among individuals with known type 2 diabetes. ELSA-Brasil, 2017–2019. N = 2062

From: Levels and correlates of risk factor control in diabetes mellitus –ELSA-Brasil

Characteristic

HbA1C < 7%

Achieving ≥ 2 treatment goals**

PR (95% CI)

P

PR (95% CI)

P

Sex (reference: men)

Women

1.13 (1.07–1.20)

 < 0.001

1.05 (1.00–1.11)

0.050

Age (years, reference: ≤ 54)

 > 54 to ≤ 64

1.03 (0.95–1.11)

0.453

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

0.836

 > 64 to ≤ 74

1.08 (0.99–1.17)

0.080

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

0.415

 ≥ 74

1.20 (1.08–1.34)

 < 0.001

1.02 (0.91–1.04)

0.646

Race (reference: white)

Black

0.91 (0.83–1.00)

0.041

0.86 (0.79–0.94)

 < 0.001

Pardo (mixed)

1.01 (0.95–1.08)

0.701

0.95 (0.90–1.02)

0.139

Yellow/indigenous

1.05 (0.93–1.19)

0.433

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

0.307

Education (reference: university)

Less than university

0.94 (0.86–1.01)

0.101

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

0.419

Private health insurance (reference: no)

Yes

1.07 (0.99–1.15)

0.083

1.15 (1.07–1.23)

 < 0.001

Per capita income (minimum wages/mo. Reference: less than 4)1

4 to < 8

1.20 (1.07–1.34)

0.002

1.12 (1.01–1.23)

0.031

8 to < 12

1.16 (1.02–1.32)

0.023

1.11 (1.00–1.25)

0.061

12 to < 16

1.27 (1.11–1.45)

0.001

1.18 (1.05–1.33)

0.007

 ≥ 16

1.26 (1.10–1.45)

0.001

1.19 (1.06–1.34)

0.004

Body mass index (increase of 5 kg/m2)

0.97 (0.95–1.00)

0.087

0.96 (0.94–0.99)

0.012

Diabetes medication

Yes

1.03 (0.94–1.12)

0.535

1.03 (0.95–1.12)

0.507

Years since diabetes diagnosis (reference: 0–1)

1–10

0.74 (0.71–0.77)

 < 0.001

0.87 (0.82–0.91)

0.001

10 + 

0.43 (0.39–0.47)

 < 0.001

0.68 (0.63–0.73)

 < 0.001

  1. *through Poisson regression with robust variance for age, sex, educational achievement, race/skin color, private health insurance, per capita income, diabetes medication, body mass index, and years since diagnosis
  2. **Treatment goals: glucose, blood pressure and LDL-c
  3. 1Minimum wage: the monthly minimum wage was BRL 986.00 at the time of the study