Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with known diabetes according to levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)—ELSA-Brasil, 2017–2019. N = 2062
From: Levels and correlates of risk factor control in diabetes mellitus –ELSA-Brasil
HbA1c | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | < 7% | 7% to < 8% | 8% to < 9% | ≥ 9% | P* | |
All | 2062 (100) | 1364 (66.1) | 275 (13.3) | 172 (8.34) | 251 (12.1) | |
Sex | < 0.001 | |||||
Men | 1000 (48.5) | 616 (45.2) | 157 (57.1) | 94 (54.7) | 133 (53.0) | |
Women | 1062 (51.5) | 748 (54.8) | 118 (42.9) | 78 (45.3) | 118 (47.0) | |
Age (years), M(SD) | 0.003 | |||||
> 44 to ≤ 54 | 377 (18.3) | 256 (18.8) | 37 (13.5) | 25 (14.5) | 59 (23.5) | |
> 54 to ≤ 64 | 840 (40.7) | 549 (40.2) | 104 (37.8) | 77 (44.8) | 110 (43.8) | |
> 64 to ≤ 74 | 659 (32.0) | 422 (30.9) | 108 (39.3) | 58 (33.7) | 71 (28.3) | |
≥ 74 | 186 (9.02) | 137 (10.0) | 26 (9.45) | 12 (6.98) | 11 (4.38) | |
Race | < 0.001 | |||||
Black | 423 (20.5) | 235 (17.2) | 74 (26.9) | 33 (19.2) | 81 (32.3) | |
Pardo | 583 (28.3) | 378 (27.7) | 71 (25.8) | 59 (34.3) | 75 (29.9) | |
White | 961 (46.6) | 682 (50.0) | 117 (42.5) | 73 (42.4) | 89 (35.5) | |
Yellow/Indigenous | 95 (4.61) | 69 (5.06) | 13 (4.73) | 7 (4.07) | 6 (2.39) | |
Education | < 0.001 | |||||
Less than University | 994 (48.2) | 562 (41.2) | 156 (56.7) | 109 (63.4) | 167 (66.5) | |
University | 1068 (51.8) | 802 (58.8) | 119 (43.3) | 63 (36.6) | 84 (33.5) | |
Private health insurance | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 1380 (66.9) | 972 (71.3) | 172 (62.5) | 112 (65.1) | 124 (49.4) | |
Per capita income (minimum wages/month)1 | < 0.001 | |||||
Less than 4 | 356 (17.3) | 174 (12.8) | 71 (25.8) | 36 (20.9) | 75 (29.9) | |
From 4 to less than 8 | 760 (36.9) | 489 (35.9) | 89 (32.4) | 72 (41.9) | 110 (43.8) | |
From 8 to less than 12 | 375 (18.2) | 250 (18.3) | 55 (20.0) | 33 (19.2) | 37 (14.7) | |
From 12 to less than 16 | 214 (10.4) | 171 (12.5) | 21 (7.64) | 11 (6.40) | 11 (4.38) | |
16 or more | 357 (17.3) | 280 (20.5) | 39 (14.2) | 20 (11.6) | 18 (7.17) | |
BMI (kg/m2), M (SD) | 29.6 (4.97) | 29.5 (4.97) | 29.8 (5.23) | 29.5 (4.37) | 29.8 (5.09) | 0.671 |
Diabetes medication | 0.521 | |||||
Yes | 1812 (87.9) | 1201 (88.0) | 238 (86.5) | 156 (90.7) | 217 (86.5) | |
WHO CVD risk | ||||||
High CVD risk | 53 (2.57) | 28 (2.05) | 7 (2.55) | 8 (4.65) | 10 (3.98) | 0.084 |
Years since diabetes diagnosis | < 0.001 | |||||
0–1 | 352 (17.1) | 346 (25.4) | 1 (0.36) | 2 (1.16) | 3 (1.20) | |
1–10 | 1062 (51.5) | 755 (55.4) | 133 (48.4) | 64 (37.2) | 110 (43.8) | |
10+ | 648 (31.4) | 263 (19.3) | 141 (51.3) | 106 (61.6) | 138 (55.0) | |