Variables | Empagliflozin n = 43 | Placebo n = 39 | Mean Diff | P | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 26 | Baseline | Week 26 | ||||
Inflammatory | |||||||
 IL-6 (pg/mL) | 4.91 (1.83) | 4.21 (1.13) | 5.19 (2.10) | 5.22 (1.84) | − 1.06 | 0.006 | − 1.80; − 0.32 |
 IL-1b (pg/mL) | 37.06 (10.36) | 31.25 (9.58) | 34.05 (10.24) | 36.48 (10.50) | − 4.58 | 0.032 | − 8.76; − 0.41 |
 Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 10.07 (8.79) | 6.14 (4.09) | 9.85 (7.90) | 9.03 (6.35) | − 2.86 | 0.003 | − 4.71; -1.02 |
Oxidative stress | |||||||
 SOD (U/mL) | 12.58 (6.32) | 16.91 (8.24) | 11.22 (6.49) | 12.18 (6.54) | 3.70 | 0.002 | 1.36; 6.05 |
 CAT (mU/mL) | 436.19 (148.58) | 462.67 (157.70) | 427.50 (101.81) | 425.34 (128.23) | 32.14 | 0.329 | − 32.99; 97.26 |
 GSH (muM) | 3.09 (0.74) | 3.70 (0.90) | 3.26 (0.95) | 3.21 (0.81) | 0.57 | 0.004 | 0.19; 0.95 |
 ROSa | 1087.25 (687.91) | 769.63 (598.84) | 1010.22 (669.83) | 1066.95 (679.95) | − 342.51 |  < 0.001 | − 474.23; − 210.79 |
 TAC (mmol/l) | 645.38 (80.52) | 917.17 (181.02) | 666.49 (81.70) | 793.51 (136.76) | 124.08 | 0.002 | 47.98; 200.18 |
 MDA (nmol/mL) | 6.25 (0.83) | 6.09 (0.53) | 6.31 (1.08) | 6.24 (0.89) | − 0.13 | 0.350 | − 0.41; 0.15 |
 PCGb (nmol/mg) | 0.11 (0.5) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.12 (0.06) | 0.10 (0.05) | − 0.02 | 0.222 | − 0.04; 0.01 |
Platelet function | |||||||
 CD62-P Ag Expa | 231.26 (37.96) | 221.81 (38.51) | 238.78 (32.93) | 236.56 (34.97) | − 8.81 | 0.005 | − 14.87; − 2.75 |
Glycemic status | |||||||
 FBS (mg/dL) | 163.14 (40.84) | 145.23 (41.09) | 167.74 (48.64) | 169.08 (50.19) | − 18.60 |  < 0.001 | − 25.35; − 11.85 |
 HbA1c (%) | 8.05 (0.97) | 7.35 (1.04) | 7.75 (0.94) | 7.82 (0.91) | − 0.65 |  < 0.001 | − 0.83; − 0.48 |
 HOMA-IR | 6.52 (3.17) | 5.30 (2.89) | 7.01 (3.48) | 6.94 (3.53) | − 1.18 |  < 0.001 | − 1.47; − 0.89 |