Parameters | Empagliflozin (n = 47) | Placebo (n = 48) | Mean Diff | P | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | |||||
 Age | 62.08 (8.02) | 63.60 (7.82) | -1.52 | 0.352 | − 4.75; 1.71 |
 Gender |  |  |  | 0.122 |  |
  Male | 23 (48.9%) | 16 (33.3%) |  |  |  |
  Female | 24 (51.1%) | 32 (66.7%) |  |  |  |
 Comorbidities (yes) | |||||
  HTN | 44 (93.6%) | 43 (89.6%) |  | 0.714 |  |
  HLP | 38 (80.9%) | 34 (70.8%) |  | 0.339 |  |
 Drug history (yes) | |||||
  Metformin | 46 (97.9%) | 46 (95.8%) |  | 0.999 |  |
  Sulfonylurea | 17 (36.2%) | 13 (27.1%) |  | 0.341 |  |
  DPP4-i | 8 (17.0%) | 4 (8.3%) |  | 0.232 |  |
  Insulin | 4 (8.5%) | 3 (6.3%) |  | 0.714 |  |
  BB | 42 (89.4%) | 44 (91.7%) |  | 0.740 |  |
  ACEi/ARB | 41 (87.2%) | 43 (89.6%) |  | 0.720 |  |
  CCB | 17 (36.2%) | 15 (31.3%) |  | 0.612 |  |
  Diuretic | 20 (42.6%) | 20 (41.7%) |  | 0.930 |  |
  Statins | 46 (97.9%) | 44 (91.7%) |  | 0.362 |  |
Laboratory | |||||
 IL-6 (pg/mL) | 4.91 (1.83) | 5.19 (2.10) | -0.28 | 0.492 | − 1.10; 0.53 |
 IL-1b (pg/mL) | 37.06 (10.36) | 34.05 (10.24) | 3.00 | 0.171 | − 1.32; 7.32 |
 Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 10.07 (8.79) | 9.85 (7.90) | 0.22 | 0.901 | − 3.29; 3.73 |
 SOD (U/mL) | 12.58 (6.32) | 11.22 (6.49) | 1.36 | 0.316 | − 1.32; 4.05 |
 CAT (mU/mL) | 436.19 (148.58) | 427.50 (101.81) | 8.69 | 0.747 | − 44.67; 62.06 |
 GSHr (muM) | 3.09 (0.74) | 3.26 (0.95) | -0.17 | 0.350 | − 0.53; 0.19 |
 ROS | 1087.25 (687.91) | 1010.22 (669.83) | 77.03 | 0.592 | − 207.39; 361.46 |
 TAC (mmol/l) | 645.38 (80.52) | 666.49 (81.70) | -21.11 | 0.223 | − 55.30; 13.08 |
 MDA (nmol/mL) | 6.25 (0.83) | 6.31 (1.08) | -0.06 | 0.752 | − 0.47; 0.34 |
 PCG (nmol/mg) | 0.11 (0.5) | 0.12 (0.06) | -0.01 | 0.568 | − 0.03; 0.02 |
 CD62-P Ag Exp | 231.26 (37.96) | 238.78 (32.93) | -7.53 | 0.322 | − 22.55; 7.50 |
 FBS (mg/dL) | 163.14 (40.84) | 167.74 (48.64) | -4.60 | 0.629 | − 23.48; 14.28 |
 HbA1c (%) | 8.05 (0.97) | 7.75 (0.94) | 0.30 | 0.141 | − 0.10; 0.70 |
 HOMA-IR | 6.52 (3.17) | 7.01 (3.48) | -0.49 | 0.514 | − 1.99; 1.00 |
 Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.73 (0.51) | 9.53 (0.53) | 0.21 | 0.078 | − 0.02; 0.44 |
 Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.38 (4.34) | 138.45 (2.34) | 0.93 | 0.239 | − 0.63; 2.48 |
 Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.31 (0.37) | 4.33 (0.47) | 0.87 | -0.015 | − 0.21; 0.18 |
 WBC count (× 109/L) | 7.34 (1.93) | 7.08 (1.44) | 0.27 | 0.484 | − 0.49; 1.03 |
 Hb (g/dL) | 13.87 (1.49) | 13.88 (1.57) | -0.00 | 0.991 | − 0.68; 0.67 |
 Hematocrit (%) | 41.32 (4.46) | 40.76 (4.14) | 0.56 | 0.560 | − 1.35; 2.47 |
 Plt count (× 109/L) | 240.38 (76.53) | 220.21 (55.10) | 20.17 | 0.181 | − 9.59; 49.93 |
 BUN (mmol/L) | 14.81 (3.95) | 16.81 (7.31) | -2.00 | 0.121 | − 4.55; 0.54 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.98 (0.19) | 1.01 (0.23) | -0.04 | 0.413 | − 0.13; 0.05 |
 AST (U/L) | 16.95 (6.56) | 20.28 (10.21) | -3.33 | 0.078 | − 7.03; 0.38 |
 ALT (U/L) | 21.26 (11.52) | 23.02 (13.23) | -1.76 | 0.514 | − 7.11; 3.59 |
 PTT (Sec) | 32.60 (5.63) | 30.86 (5.13) | 1.73 | 0.153 | − 0.66; 4.13 |
IPAQ | |||||
 Physical Activity (MET min/week) | 968.63 (627.53) | 871.37 (511.16) | 97.26 | 0.450 | − 157.99; 352.51 |
FFQ | |||||
 TEI (Kcal/day) | 2166.72 (283.78) | 2090.49 (337.12) | 56.46 | 0.413 | − 80.25; 193.17 |
 PHYs Intake (Kcal/day) | 856.42 (203.88) | 792.61 (218.19) | 59.04 | 0.232 | − 38.47; 156.55 |
 DPI | 39.53 (7.61) | 28.27 (9.93) | 1.39 | 0.493 | − 2.62; 5.39 |
 TPI (g/day) | 90.32 (18.47) | 84.00 (15.21) | 4.80 | 0.215 | − 2.84; 12.44 |
 TSI (g/day) | 106.18 (21.34) | 109.17 (16.36) | -3.76 | 0.398 | − 12.57; 5.05 |